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Musculo-Skeletal System
Basic anatomy of muscles and bones
66
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/30/2009

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Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
Consists of skull, vertebrae and ribs. Used for support and protection
Term
Frontal bone
Definition
One of eight cranial bones, located behind forehead
Term
Parietal Bones
Definition
Two of the eight cranial bones, located on sides of head
Term
Temporal bones
Definition
Two of the eight cranial bones, located on sides of head, below the parietals
Term
Occipital Bone
Definition
One of eight cranial bones, located at anterior base of skull
Term
Ethmoid bone
Definition
One of eight cranial bones, forms the back of the eye cavity
Term
Sphenoid bone
Definition
One of eight cranial bones, forms the eye cavity with the ethmoid bone
Term
Facial bones
Definition
Consists of 2 Maxilla, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 nasal conchae, the vomer and the mandible
Term
Hyoid bone
Definition
Horseshoe shaped bone that forms the Adam's apple in the neck
Term
Cervical Vertbrae
Definition
7 in number, forms top of the spine
Term
Thoracic Vertebrae
Definition
12 in number, articulates with the ribs
Term
Lumbar Vertebrae
Definition
Lower part of spine, 5 in number
Term
Sacrum & Coccyx
Definition
Fused vertebrae that form the tail of the spine
Term
Thoracic Cage
Definition
12 pairs of ribs & sternum (7 true, 5 false ribs - 2 floating)
Term
Spinal curves
Definition
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and pelvic. Cervical and lumbar curves do not develop until after birth.
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
126 bones, mostly used for movement
Term
Pectoral Girdles
Definition
Consists of 2 clavicles and 2 scapulae
Term
Humerus
Definition
Long bone of the upper arm
Term
Radius
Definition
Long bone of lower arm, smaller than the ulna, located on outside of arm with palm is facing outward
Term
Ulna
Definition
Long bone of lower arm, larger than the radius
Term
Carpals
Definition
Eight in number, cuboidal bones found in the wrist
Term
Metacarpals
Definition
5 in number, bones found in the palm of the hand
Term
Phalanges
Definition
Long bones of the fingers and toes, 14 per limb
Term
Coxal bones
Definition
The two coxal bones form the pelvic girdle
Term
Femur
Definition
long bone of the upper leg
Term
Patella
Definition
Small kneecap bone that protects the joint from injury when open
Term
Tibia
Definition
Largest bone of lower leg, located inside of the fibula
Term
Fibula
Definition
Smaller long bone of the lower leg
Term
Tarsals
Definition
7 per limb, cuboidal bones of the ankle
Term
Metatarsals
Definition
5 per limb, found in the foot
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
Large rounded bone projecition used for muscle attachment
Term
Trochanters
Definition
Large, blunt irregularly shaped processes, found only on the femur
Term
Tubercles
Definition
Small rounded bone projection used for muscle attachment
Term
Crest
Definition
Narrow, prominent risge of bone used for muscle attachment
Term
Line
Definition
Narrow ridge of bone used for muscle attachment, less prominent than a crest
Term
Spine (projection)
Definition
Sharp, slender, pointed projection for muscle attachement
Term
Head (projection)
Definition
Boney expansion on a neck, normally the articulating surfaces of long bones
Term
Facet
Definition
Smooth, flattened articular surface
Term
Condyle
Definition
Rounded articular projection
Term
Ramus
Definition
Armlike bar of bone that forms an articular surface
Term
Meatus
Definition
Large, canal-like passage through a bone
Term
Sinus
Definition
Air-filled, membrane-lined cavity within a bone
Term
Fossa
Definition
Basin-like depression on bone, often used for articulation
Term
Groove
Definition
Furrow on bone, often accomadates tendons
Term
Fissure
Definition
Narrow, slit-like openeing on bone
Term
Foramen
Definition
Round opening through a bone
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
Tubular shaft (long bones) of compact bone
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
Found in the diaphysis of long bones, contains yellow marrow
Term
Periosteum
Definition
Membrane around bones, contains osteoblasts & osteoclasts
Term
Epiphysis
Definition
Head or end of long bones, separated from the diaphysis by the epiphysial line. Consist of a compact bone exterior and a spongey bone interior
Term
Compact bone
Definition
Made of osteons arranged in concentric circles, linked by Volkman's canals
Term
Osteon
Definition
Functional unit of bone, consists of lamellae surrounded by osteocyctes in lacunae. Haversian canal runs through the center of each osteon. Osteocyctes and Haversian canal are linked by canaliculi
Term
Spongy Bone
Definition
Consists of trabeculae (irregularly aligened lamellae and osteocytes connected by canaliculi). Spongy bone has no osteons
Term
Synarthroses
Definition
Immovable joints
Term
Amphiarthroses
Definition
Partially moveable joints
Term
Diarthroses
Definition
Fully moveable joints
Term
Fibrous joints
Definition
Articulating bones held together by fiberous connective tissue
Term
Cartilaginous Joints
Definition
Articulating bones held together by cartilage
Term
Synovial Joints
Definition
Always diarthroses, with articulating bone surfaces cuovered with hyline cartilage and a fluid-filled potental space between bones. Surrounded by synovial membrane (inner) and fibourous connective tissue
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition
Uninucleate, unstriated muscle found in walls of vessels
Term
Cardiac Muscle
Definition
Striated, branched, uninucleate muscle found in the heart. Intercalated discs separate adjeacent cells
Term
Skeletal Muscle
Definition
Striated, volountary, multi-nuculate muscle used for movement
Term
Muscle origin
Definition
Muscle attachment point to stationary bone
Term
Muscle insertion
Definition
Muscle attachment point to movable bone
Term
Tendons
Definition
Attach muscle to bone
Term
Aponeurosis
Definition
Flat, broad muscle attachement to bone
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