Term
| muscle tissue characteristics |
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Definition
1. excitability-notable response to stimuli
2. contractility-shortens
3. extensibility-can stretch
4. elasticity-returns to original shape |
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Term
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Definition
1. body movement
2. maintenance of posture
3. temperature regulation
4. support and movement of materials
5. support |
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Term
| Gross "large" muscle structure |
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Definition
1. Epimysium-around entire muscle organ
2. Fasciculi(Fascicles)-A group or bundle of muscle fibers
3. Perimysium-surrounds or defines a fascicle
4. Endomysium-around each muscle cell
5. Sarcolemma-cell membrane of muscle cell
6. Muscle cell, muscle fiber, or myofiber |
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Term
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Definition
-Skeletal, striated, or voluntary
-Cardiac or heart
-Smooth, non-striated, visceral, or involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| Fascia: Flat or membranous sheet of connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called "hypodermis" or "subcutaneous" tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Deep fascia is the type associated with muscles-it binds and separates muscles, strengthens them, and allows for movement. It gives rise to the epimysium, perimysium, endomysium, tendons, aponeuroses, and tendon sheaths associated with skeletal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
-Tendon: conn. tissue layers merge to form fibrous tendon
-Aponeurosis: thin, flattened sheet
-Origin: less mobile attachment of muscle
-Insertion: more mobile attachment of muscle
-Gaster(belly) |
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Term
| Blood and Nerve supply to skeletal muscle-Typical: |
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Definition
| one artery and one or two veins with a nerve, each muscle cell in close contact with one or more capillaries; each muscle fiber innervated by a nerve process |
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Term
| Histology: microstructure or a skeletal muscle cell (fiber) |
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Definition
1. Muscle cell(fiber) or myofiber
2. Sarcolemma-plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fiver
3. Sarcoplasm-cytoplasm of muscle fiber
4. Sarcoplasm reticulum-series of membrane enclosed channels; comparable to E.R.
5. T-tubule (transverse tubule)-at right angles to long axis of cell; opens to outside of sarcolemma-thus contains extracellular fluid
6. Triad-Consists of T-tubule and adjacent terminal cisternae |
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Term
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Definition
7. Myofibrils
a) thin actin myofilaments
b) thick (myosin)
c) structural proteins
8. Sarcomere |
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Term
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Definition
| Contractile; have myosin binding sites; bean or pea shaped; twisted together into a helix |
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Term
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Definition
| Cover myosin binding sites on actin in a relaxed muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Holds tropomyosin strands together |
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Term
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Definition
| Looks like two golf clubs twisted together; a "motor" protein-uses ATP to push or pull molecules |
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Term
| Cross bridges (myosin heads) |
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Definition
| The golf club heads; have actin binding sites |
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Term
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Definition
| Not as abundant as contractile proteins (actin and myosin); approx. a dozen types; for alignment, stability, elasticity, extensibility, etc. of myofibrils |
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Term
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Definition
"huge" like a "titan"
One example is titan=gigantic=anchors thick filaments to the Z line (disc); helps in recoil after contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Stack or unit of myofilaments; from z line to z line |
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Term
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Definition
| Define sarcomere; pass through 1 band |
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Term
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Definition
| thick and thin myofilaments |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Expanded ends of sarcop lasmic reticulum: contains Ca ions-needed for contraction |
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Term
The sliding filament mechanism: muscle contraction
According to this theory, what happens during contraction to the following stuctures? |
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Definition
Thin myofilamets: move inwards
Sarcomeres: Shortens
Length of thick/thin myofilaments: Stays the same
Width of Hzone: Shortens to gone
Cross bridges(myosin head): make on-off contact with actin |
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Term
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Definition
Identify/Understand:
Nerve
Motor Neuron
Axon
Axon Terminals
Synaptic end bulbs(plates, feet, knobs)
Synaptic Vessels: store and release neurotransmitters
Synapse |
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Term
| Neuromuscular (myoneural) junctions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Muscle tension @ rest
"fit" |
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Term
| Development of Skeletal Muscle Fibers |
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Definition
1. Myoblasts
2. Satellite Cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Embryonic muscle cells; fuse to form skeletal muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Embryonic muscle cells; fuse to form skeletal muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Those myoblasts(immature cells) that remain in adult fibers; have potential to repair |
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Term
| Types of skeletal muscle fibers |
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Definition
| Red and White muscle fibes |
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Term
| Red vs. White skeletal muscle fibers |
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Definition
Red:
More Myoglobin
More Mitochondria
Greater vascular supply (capillaries)
Small to Intermediate fiber diameter
White:
"fast" fibers
anaerobic
type 2b |
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Term
| Skeletal Muscle Fiber comparisons |
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Definition
pg. 303 text
pg. 111 workbook
*diagram of comparisons listed
fast, intermediate, and slow fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Most skeletal muscles contail all 3 fiber types; proportions of each type varies depending on genetic factors; some muscles lack slow or fast fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Training appears to be able to change proportions of fiber types |
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Term
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Definition
-Fasciculi parallel to longitudinal axis of muscle
-Flat tendon
-Quadrilateral shape
-Example: Stylohyoid muscle |
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Term
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Definition
-Modified parallel; muscle tapes
-Example: Digastric muscle |
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Term
| Convergent(triangular) fibers |
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Definition
-Broad origin converging to a point
-Muscle has basic "D" or triangular shape
-Example: pectoralis major |
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Term
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Definition
-Fasciculi short compared to length of muscle
Example:
Unipennate-extensor digitorum longus muscle
Bipennate-Rectus Femoris
Multipennate-Deltoid
Circular-Orbicularis oris/oculi & pyloric sphincter
-tendon extends length of muscle
-fasciculi at obligque angle to tendon |
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Term
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Definition
Prime mover(agonist)
Ex. Biceps brachii |
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Term
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Definition
Example: Triceps brachii
Q: Is the triceps brachii always considered to be an antagonistic muscle? |
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Term
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Definition
Muscle that assists with prime mover, etc.
Example: Extensors of forearm act as synergists with flexor muscles of the fingers(prime movers) when making a fist |
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Term
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Definition
| Example: Muscles such as the pectoralis minor, trapezius, rhomboids, and others that stabilize or "fix" the scapula so that the deltoid(prime mover) can more efficiently abduct the arm |
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Term
Naming Skeletal Muscles
Chart on text pp. 309 |
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Definition
-Direction of Fibers
-By Location
-By size
-By number of origins
-By shape
-By origin and insertion
-By actions |
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Term
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Definition
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Belly (gaster) |
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Term
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Definition
| A rigid structure; moves around a fixed point |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| That which must be overcome by the force or effort supplied by the muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Supplied by Muscle to overcome the weight or resistance |
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Term
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Definition
First Class
Second Class
Third Class |
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Term
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Definition
"seesaw" E-Ful-R
*Fulcrum in the middle
Example: Where atlas articulates with head(atlantooccipital joint)
Occurence: Not common in body; may or may not be advantageous |
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Term
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Definition
Advantageous implies high mechanical advantage-one can overcome the resistance with less force or effort
Disadvantegous implies low mechanical advantage-one must expend more force or effort to overcome the resistance-but-this allows for greater control and precision of movement |
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Term
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Definition
"wheelbarrow" Ful-R-E
*Resistance(weight) in the middle
Example: Moving at the ball of the foot-"toe raises"
Occurence: Not common in the body; always advantageous |
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Term
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Definition
"fishing pole" Ful-E-R
*Effor(force) in the middle
Example: Flexing the forearm at the elbow joint
Occurence: Common in the body; always disadvantageous |
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Term
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Definition
Lever Systems allow for "FRE" movement
F=ful in center
R=resistance in center
E=effort in center |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Muscle Tissue Comparisons
Cardiac & Smooth |
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Definition
Workbook pg. 116-117
Text pg. 312-313 |
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