Term
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Definition
-attaches to bone
-consists of origin, insertion, and body |
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Definition
| Stationary bone in given movement |
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Definition
| Moveable bone in given movement |
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Definition
-bulk of the heart
-has cross striations
-has intercalate disks
-Keeps blood circulating
-incapable of mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| dark bands where plasma membranes of adjacent cardiac fivers come in contact with eachother |
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Term
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Definition
Anchors muscles firmly to bones.
made of dense fibrous connective tissue
do not tear or pull from bone easily |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid-filled sacs between some tendons and bones beneath them |
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Term
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Definition
-secretes lubricating fluid that fills bursae
-makes it easier for tendon to slide over bone when tendon's muscle shortens |
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Term
| Smooth Muscle (involunatary) |
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Definition
| Spindle-Shaped cells, lacks striation, capable of mitosis, forms important part of blood cessel walls and hollow internal organs (gut, urethra, ureters, arteries/veins, and GI tract), less myosin and no troponin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized contractile cells grouped together and arranged in highly organized way |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed from protein (myosin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed from protein (actin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Serves as basic building block of skeletal muscle. Made of numerous actin/myosin myofilaments arranges so they appear as stripes of cross striations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dark bands separating the repeating units of sarcomeres |
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Term
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Definition
| single motor neuron, with muscle cells it innerbates (e.g Precise control in eye muscles) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lowast level of stimulation required to cause a fiber to contract |
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Term
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Definition
| Jerky response to stimulus. Can be seen in isolated mucles. Small role in muscle activity |
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Term
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Definition
| More sustained and steady response that twitch. Formed from series of stumuli bombarding muscle in paid succession. Contractions combine to create sustained contraction (tetanus) |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces small mocement in joint, muscle shortens and insertion end moves toward origin. ex: running, walking, breathing, lifting and twisting |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles do not shorten and no movement results. Muscles length gurning isometric contraction and relazation is equal. Size increases with repeated isometric contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase in muscle size due to excercise. Increase # or myofilament in each muscle fiber (isometric excercises and weight lifting) |
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Term
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Definition
| Resulting from overexertion or trauma. Results in myalgia |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain in muscles and involves over stratching or tearing of muscle fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Viral infection of the nerves that controls skeletal muscle movement. May be fatal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chrinic disease characterized by muscle weakness specially in face and throat;autoimmune. |
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Term
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Definition
| Point of contact between nerve ending and muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| muscles shrink in mass due to prolonges inactivity |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscle disorders. Can be mild or severe |
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Term
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Definition
| Painful muscles spasm cause by mild myositis or fibromyositis by can be a symptom of any irritation or of an ion and water imbalance (tetantic contraction) |
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Term
| Contusion (muscle bruise) |
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Definition
| local internal bleeding and inflamation |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of genetic diseases characterized by atrophy (wasting) of skeletal muscle tissues; can be fatal |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in muscle contraction strength |
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Term
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Definition
| results in myalgia and stiffness in neck and back (may cause "stress headaches") |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| straightening or stretching |
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Term
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Definition
| moving part away from body aka moving arm out to the side |
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Term
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Definition
| moving part toward body aka bring arms down from elevated position |
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Term
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Definition
| movement around a longitudinal axis. shaking head no |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hand position with palm turned to anterior position |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when yo turn palm of your hand so it faces posteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
| top of foo is elevated with toes pointing upward. Flexing foot |
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Term
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Definition
| bottom of foot is directed downward (standing on toes) |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of tendon ("charley horse") |
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Term
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Definition
| staircase effect. Tension peak being slightly stronger than the one before it. |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| (myofilaments) they cover the active sites on the sctin myofilaments in the sarcomere, thus preventing contraction. Interact with calciium ions and creates a contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle that assists a prime mover |
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Term
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Definition
| special type of skeletal muscle contraction used to maintain posture |
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Term
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Definition
| the muscle responsible for producing a particular movement |
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Term
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Definition
| continued increased metabolism that occurs in a cell to remove excess lactic acid that resulted from excerise. |
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Term
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Definition
| those having opposing actions; ex: muscles that flex the upper arm are antagonists to muscles that extend it. |
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Term
| Sliding filament model: list steps of skeletal muscle contraction |
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Definition
| 1. Motor neuron releases acetylocholine at neuromuscular junction 2. calcium ions are released out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum into muscle cell body 3. calcium ions bind to troponin and tropomyosin, uncovering active sites on actin 4. mysoin heads form bridges on and with active sites on actin 5. ATP broken down for energy 6. actin pulled over myosin as heads move like paddles |
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Term
| Sliding Filament Model: List steps of skeletal muschle relaxation |
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Definition
| 1. calcium ions are pumped back into the arcoplasmic reticulum 2. Troponin and tropomosin cover active sites on actin 3. refractory period (5 millisecond; muscle cannot receive another stimulus) |
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Term
| What causes burning sensation in muscles when you exercise? |
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Definition
| lactic acid produced due to lack of ozygen which results in soreness |
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Term
| MAjor functions of skeletal muscle |
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Definition
| movement, posture, heat protection (hypothermia), fatigue |
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