Action:

compresses and purses lips

Origin:

Maxilla and Mandible

Insertion:

encircling mouth; skin & muscles at angles to mouth

ORBICULAR OCULI

Action:

closes eye; produces winking, blinking & squinting

Origin:

medial wall or margin of orbit

Insertion:

skin surrounding eyelids

MASSETER

Action:

elevates and protracts mandible; prime mover of jaw closure

Origin:

 Zygomatic Arch

Insertion:

coronoid process; lateral surface and angle of mandible

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

Action:

unilateral action: lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side, bilateral action: flexes neck

Origin:

manubrium & sternal end of clavicle

Insertion:

mastoid process

RECTUS ABDOMINUS

Action:

flexes vertebral column; compresses abdominal wall

Origin:

superior surface of pubis near symphysis

Insertion:

Xiphoid process of sternum; inferior surfaces of ribs 5-7

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

 Action:

unilateral action: lateral flexion of vertebral column; rotation of vertebral to opposite side bilateral action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall

 Origin:

external & inferior borders of the inferior 8 ribs

Insertion:

linea alba by a broad aposeurosis; some iliac crest

RHOMBOID MAJOR

Action:

elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula

Origin:

spinous processes of T2-T5

Insertion:

medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle

TRAPEZIUS

Action:

superior fibers: elevate & superiorly rotate scapula; middle fibers: retracts scapula; inferior fibers: depress scapula

Origin:

occipital bone (superior nuchal line), ligamentum nuchae; spinous process of C7-T12

Insertion:

clavicle; acromion process and spine of scapula

DELTOID

Action:

anterior fibers: flex & medially rotate arm; middle fibers: prime mover of arm abduction; posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotate arm

Origin:

acromial end of clavicle; acromion & spine of scapula

Insertion:

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

LATISSIMUS DORSI

Action:

prime mover of arm extention; also adducts and medially rotates arm

Origin:

spinous processes of T7-T12, ribs 8-12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fasia

Insertion:

intertubercular groove of humerus

PECTORALIS MAJOR

Action:

prime mover of arm flexion; also adducts and medially rotates arm

Origin:

medial clavicle, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, body of sternum

Insertion:

lateral part of intertubercular groove of humerus

TERES MAJOR

Action:

extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

Origin:

inferior lateral border and inferior angle of scapula

Insertion:

lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus

SUPRASPINATUS

Action:

abducts arm

Origin:

suprapinous fossa of scapula

Insertion:

greater tubercle of humerus

INFRASPINATUS

Action:

adducts arm laterally rotates arm

Origin:

infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion:

greater tubercle of humerus

BICEPS BRACHII

Action:

flexes arm

Origin:

supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion:

radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

BRACHIALIS

Action:

primary flexor of forearm

Origin:

distal anterior surface of humerus

Insertion:

tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

TRICEPS BRACHII

Action:

extends and adducts arm

Origin:

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion:

olecranon process of ulna

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

Action:

flexes wrist and abducts hand

Origin:

medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:

base of metacarpals II & III

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

Action:

flexes wrist and adducts hand

Origin:

medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon and posterior surface of ulna

Insertion:

pisiform and hamate bones; base of metacarpal V

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM

Action:

extends wrist, extends 2nd-5th MP joints, PIP joints, and DIP joints

Origin:

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:

distal and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

Action:

extends wrist, adducts hand

Origin:

lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion:

base of metacarpal V

ADDUCTOR LONGUS

Action:

adducts thigh; flexes thigh

Origin:

pubis near pubic symphysis

Insertion:

linea aspera of femur

PSOAS MAJOR

Action:

flexes thigh

Origin:

transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5 vertebra

Insertion:

lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus

GRACILIS

Action:

adducts and flexes thigh; flexes leg

Origin:

inferior ramus and body of pubis

Insertion:

upper medial surface of tibia

SARTORIUS

Action:

flexes thigh and rotates thigh laterally; flexes leg and rotates leg medially

Origin:

anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion:

tibial tuberosity, medial side

RECTUS FEMORIS

Action:

flexes thigh, extends leg

Origin:

anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion:

quadracepts tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

VASTUS LATERALIS

Action:

extends leg

Origin:

greater trochanter and linea aspera

Insertion:

quadraceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

VASTUS MEDIALIS

Action:

extends leg

Origin:

intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur

Insertion:

quadraceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Action:

extends thigh; laterally rotates thigh

Origin:

iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion:

iliotibial tract of fascia lata; linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity of femur

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

Action:

abducts thighs; medially rotates thigh

Origin:

posterior iliac crest; lateral surface between posterior and interior gluteal lines

Insertion:

greater trochanter of femur

BICEPS FEMORIS

Action:

extends thigh; flexes leg; laterally rotates leg

Origin:

ischial tuberosity, linea aspera of femur

Insertion:

head of tibia

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

Action:

extends thigh & flexes leg medially rotates leg

Origin:

ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

SEMITENDINOSUS

Action:

extends thigh and flexes leg; medially rotates leg

Origin:

ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

proximal medial surface of tibia

GASTROCNEMIUS

Action:

flexes leg; plantar flexes foot

Origin:

superior posterior surfaces of lateral and medial condyles of femur

Insertion:

calcaneous (via calcaneal tendon)

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Action:

dorsi flexes foot; inverts foot

Origin:

lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia; interosseous membrane

Insertion:

metatarsal I and first (medial) cuneiform