Term
| Name 3 types of bone joining |
|
Definition
1. Synarthsoes
2. Amphiarthoses
3. Diarthoses |
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Term
| Describe Synarthsoes and list an example |
|
Definition
- Immovable
- Fibrous tissue connecting bones |
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Term
| Describe Amphiarthroses and list an example |
|
Definition
- Slightly moveable
- Hyaline cartilage |
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Term
| Describe Diarthoses and list an example |
|
Definition
- Freely moving
- Any synoival joint |
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Term
| What lies on the articular surface of bone at synoival joints? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the synoival membrane? What is its purpose? |
|
Definition
| The connective tissue housing the joint; encases the synoival fluid |
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Term
| What is the synoival fluid and what is its purpose? |
|
Definition
| Fluid filling the synoival cavity - nourishes joint cartilage and provides cushioning |
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Term
| (T/F) Syn fluid has a high glycoprotein content |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are bursa, and what is their function? |
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Definition
| Sacs of syn fluid - created by constant movement; provide cushion |
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Term
| What is the function of a tendon, and what is it called when it tears? |
|
Definition
- Connects muscle to bone
- A strain |
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Term
| What is the function of a ligament, and what is it called when it tears? |
|
Definition
- Connects two bones (stabilizes joints)
- A sprain |
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|
Term
| Why do sprains not heal well? |
|
Definition
| Because ligament have poor blood supply |
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Term
| Name two types of injury that can occur involving bone and muscle |
|
Definition
1. Dislocation
2. Repetitive strain |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The separation of ligament/tendon from bone |
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Term
| (T/F) Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example of a repetitive strain injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs with this injury? |
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Definition
| Friction on nerves around the joint causes a pain sensation. |
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|
Term
| Why can this injury occur? |
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Definition
| Because nerves are most exposed at joints |
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Term
| Name 3 types of spinal abnormalities |
|
Definition
1. Kyphosis
2. Lordosis
3. Scoliosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increased convexity of the thoracic spine |
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|
Term
|
Definition
o osteoporosis
o tuberculosis
o adolescence |
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Term
| How does tuberculosis cause kyphosis? |
|
Definition
| Can enter the bones and deteriorate bone structure |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Increased curvature of the lumbar spine |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main cause of lordosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sideways curvature of the spine |
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|
Term
| (T/F) There is both structural and functional scoliosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (T/F) Structural scoliosis usually has a known origin |
|
Definition
| False, it is mostly iodopathic |
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|
Term
| List two other factors that could cause structural scoliosis |
|
Definition
1. Congenital defects
2. Degenerative |
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|
Term
| What is functional scoliosis? |
|
Definition
| Scoliosis caused by another functional pathology, NOT because of spinal structure |
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|
Term
| Name 3 causes of functional scoliosis |
|
Definition
o muscular dystrophy
o cerebral palsy
o trauma |
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|
Term
|
Definition
1. General susceptibility - some people are jsut more likely to get it
2. Immune susceptibility |
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|
Term
| What is seen in the immune predisposition? |
|
Definition
| Rheumatoid factor gets attacked by Ab specific to self Ag |
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Term
| Describe the progression of RA? |
|
Definition
1. Synovitis
2. Pannus
3. Cartilage erosion
4. Fibrosis
5. Ankylosis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation and infection of the synoival fluid |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Granulation tissue where there should not be tissue - can lead to tissue erosion (cartilage) and expose the naked bone |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Joint fixation, caused by fibrosis |
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|
Term
| (T/F) Small joints are affected last with RA |
|
Definition
| False, they are affected first |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does joint disuse lead to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is subluxation? Where is it often seen in RA? |
|
Definition
| Joint displacement - in the hands and thumb |
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|
Term
| What is a boutonniere deformity? |
|
Definition
| Deformity of the fingers and toes, where the joint closest to the knuckle displays constant flexion, and the joint furthest is hyperextended |
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|
Term
| List the 2 ways that juvenile RA is different from adult form? |
|
Definition
1. Acute onset, especially in large joints
2. NO RF |
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|
Term
| What is often seen in JRA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the systemic effects of JRA? |
|
Definition
1. Rash
2. Fever
3. Enlarged spleen
4. Uveitis (iris inflammation) |
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|
Term
| (T/F) JRA has over a 50% remission rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 factors contribute to gout, and who is most likely to get this disease? |
|
Definition
- Men over 40
- Factors
o age
o obesity
o alcohol use |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Uric acid crystals accumulate in synoival fluids (especially the big toe) |
|
|
Term
| What causes uric acid accumulation? |
|
Definition
- Excess purine breakdown
- Poor elimination of urea |
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|
Term
| What does uric acid accumulation cause to develop? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depositions of uric acid crystals that form the noticeable lump in gout |
|
|
Term
| List the 4 treatment methods |
|
Definition
- Diet
- Increased fluid and urine pH
- Allopurinol
- Colchine |
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