Origin: Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Scapula

Action: Moves scapula medially and posteriorly

Origin: Dorsal surface of neck, occipital bone

Insertion: Clavicle

Action: Moves pectoral girdle anteriorly

Origin: Spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Scapula

Action: Moves scapula medially

Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Proximal end of ulna

Action: Elevates and rotates the humerus

Origin: Acromion process of scapula

Insertion: Proximal end of humerus

Action: Elevates and rotates the humerus

Origin: Spine of scapula

Insertion: Proximal end of humerus

Action: Elevates and rotates the humerus

Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia; lower vertebrae

Insertion: Medial surface of humerus

Action: Moves forelimb posteriorly

Origin: Skull and vertebral column

Insertion: Scapula

Action: Hold scapula in position; move scapula anteriorly and medially

Teres Major

Origin: Posterior border of scapula

Insertion: Medial surface of humerus

Action: Rotates humerus; moves forelimb posteriorly

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Extends the scapula

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Laterally rotates humerus

Origin: Manubrium of sternum

Insertion: Mastoid process on skull

Action: Flexes the head, bends the head to one side

Origin: Clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process on skull

Action: Flexes the head, bends the head to one side

Origin: Zygomatic Arch

Insertion: Mandible

Action: Elevates and protrude mandible

Origin: Glenoid fossa of scapula

Insertion: Proximal end of radius

Action: Flexes lower forelimb

Origin: Lateral aspect of humerus

Insertion: Proximal end of ulna

Action: flexes lower forelimb

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Medial surface of radius

Action: Pronates lower forelimb

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: palmar aponeurosis

Action: flexes wrist

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertion: Proximal end of tibia

Action: Adducts thigh, extends lower hindlimbs

Origin: Pubic bone, near pubic symphysis

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia

Action: Adducts and rotates thigh, extends lower hindlimb

Origin: Pubic bone

Insertion: Medial aspect of femur

Action: Adducts thigh

Origin: Pubic Bone

Insertion: Medial aspect of femur

Action: Adducts thigh

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Fascia lata

Action: Tenses fascia lata, extends thigh

Origin: Ischium

Insertion: Tibia

Action: Adducts thigh, flexes the lower hindlimb

Origin: Ischium

Insertion: Distal end of femur

Action: Extends thigh

Origin: Ischium

Insertion: Proximal end of tibia

Action: Flexes lower hindlimb

Origin: 2nd and 3rd caudal vertebrae

Insertion: Patella

Origin: Abducts thigh, extends lower hindlimb

Origin: Last sacral and 1st caudal vertebrae

Insertion: Fascia lata, proximal femur

Action: Abducts the thigh

Origin: Iliac crest and lateral surface of ilium

Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur

Action: Abducts the thigh

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Tibia via patellar ligament

Action: Extends lower hindlimb

Origin: Greater trochanter, linea aspera

Insertion: Tibia via patellar ligament

Action: Extends lower hindlimb

Origin: Ventral surface of femur

Insertion: Tibia via patellar ligament

Action: Extends lower hindlimb

Origin: Distal end of femur

Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action: Plantar flexes foot

Origin: Fibula

Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon

Action: Plantar flexes foot

Origin: Proximal end of tibia and fibula

Insertion: First metatarsal

Action: Dorsiflexes foot

Origin: 2nd and 3rd caudal vertebrae

Insertion: Patella

Action: Abducts thigh, extends lower hindlimb

Origin: Pubic bone

Insertion: Costal cartilages, sternum

Action: Compresses abdominal wall to support internal organs, flexes the trunk

Origin: Posterior surface of ribs, lumbodorsal fascia

Insertion: Linea alba

Action: Compresses abdominal wall to support internal organs, flexes the trunk

Origin: Posterior ribs, lumbodorsal fascia

Insertion: Linea alba

Action: Compresses abdominal wall to support internal organs, flexes the trunk

Origin: Posterior ribs, lumbar vertebrae, lumbodorsal fascia

Insertion: Linea alba

Action: Compresses abdominal wall to support internal organs, flexes the trunk

Origin: Dorsal and medial surface of femur

Insertion: Tibia via patellar ligament

Action: Extends lower hindlimb

Origin: Scapula and humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Action: Extends lower forelimb

Origin: Sternum

Insertion: Humerus

Action: Adducts forelimb

Origin: Sternum

Insertion: Humerus

Action: Adducts and retracts forelimb

Origin: Ribs, posterior cervical vertebrae

Insertion: Near vertebral border of scapula

Action: Moves scapula ventrally and anteriorly