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Definition
| the dark bands of a muscle fiber |
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| A contractile protein of a muscle. |
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| Specialized muscle of the heart; striated, involuntary |
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| Enzyme that catalyaes the transfer of phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP, forming creatine & ATP; important to muscle contraction. |
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| The junction where the varicosities release neurotrnsmitters into a wide synaptic cleft in the general area of the smooth muscle cells. |
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| Excitation Contraction (E-C) Coupling |
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Definition
| Sequence of events by which transmission of an action potential along the sarcolemma leads to the sliding of myofilaments. |
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| Layers of fibrous tissue covering & separating muscle. |
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| The lighter midsection of the A-band. |
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Definition
| The light bands of a muscle fiber. |
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| Movable attachment of a muscle |
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| Contraction in which the muscle does not shorten (the load is too heavy) but its internal tension increases. |
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Definition
| Contraction in which muscle tension remains constant at a given joint angle & load, and the muscle shortens. |
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Definition
| A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates. |
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| Rodlike bundle of contractile filaments (myofilaments) found in muscle fibers (cells). |
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Definition
| Oxygen-binding pigment in muscle |
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Definition
| A graphic recording of mechanical contractile activity produced by an apparatus that measures muscle contractions. |
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Definition
| One of the principle contractile proteins found in a muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Consists of muscle fibers that are structurally independent of one another.
2. Richly supplied with nerve endings, each of which forms a motor unit with a number of muscle fibers.
3. Responds to neural stimulation with graded contractions that involve recruitment. |
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Definition
| Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell. |
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| Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction. |
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Definition
| Muscle that bears the major responsibility for effecting a particular movement; an agonist. |
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| The smalles contractile unit of a muscle; extends from one Z disc to another |
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Definition
| Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells. |
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Term
| Single Unit Smooth Muscle |
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Definition
1. Are arranged in opposing (longitudinal & circular) sheets.
2. Are innervated by ANS varicosities and often exhibit rhythmic spontaneous action potentials
3. Are electrically coupled by gap junctions & so contract as a unit (recruitment is not an option)
4. Respond to various chemical stimuli. |
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Definition
| Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; the muscle(s) attached to the body's skeleton; voluntary |
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| Spindle-shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striations. Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs. |
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Definition
| Muscle that aids the action of a prime mover by effecting the same movement or stabilizing joints across which the prime mover acts, preventing undesirable movements. |
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Definition
| cord of dense fibrous tissue attaching muscle to bone |
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Definition
| a smooth, sustained muscle contraction resulting from high-frequency stimulation |
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Definition
| successive groupings of the 3 membranous structures (Terminal cisterna, T Tubule, Terminal cisterna) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Zygomatic arch & Maxilla
Insertion: Medial Upper Tibial Shaft
Action(s): Extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Manubrium of Sternum & Medial part of Clavicles
Insertion: Mastoid Process of Temporal & Superior Nuchal Line of Occipital Bone
Action: Flexes neck forward when working in pair; rotates head toward shoulder when working individually |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Clavicle, Sternum, Cartilage of Ribs 1-6
Insertion: By Tendon into Intertubercular Grove of Humerus
Action: Prime mover of arm flexion; adducts, medially rotates arm |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Inferior border of ribs above
Insertion: Superior border of ribs below
Action: Pulss ribs toward one another to elevate rib cage; aids in inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Superior border of ribs below
Insertion: Inferior border of ribs above
Action: Draws ribs together to depress rib cage; aids in forced expiration; antagonistic to exterior intercostals |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Occipital bone; spines of C7 & all thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Acromion & spinous process of scapula
Action: Extends head; raises, rotates & adducts scapula & stabilizes it |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral part of ribs 1-8
Insertion: Vertebral border of anterior surface of scapula
Action:Moves scapula forward toward chest; rotates scapula; abduction & raising of arm |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spinous processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae & illiac crest
Insertion: Intertubucular grove of humerus
Action: Prime mover of arm extension; adducts & medially rotates arm; depresses scapula; pulls arm downward in power stroke |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Pubic crest & symphisis
Insertion: Xiphoid process & costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
Action: Flexes & rotates vertebral column; increases abdominal pressure; fixes & depresses ribs; stabilizes pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Inferior border of ribs & sternum; cartilages of last 6 ribs & lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Central tendon of thoracic cage
Action: Prime mover of inspiration; increases intra-abdominal pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medial rotation of humerus at shoulder joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: abduction of shoulder joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation of humerus at shoulder joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: posterior surface of the lateral margin of the scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus
Action: lateral rotation of humerus at shoulder joint |
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Term
| Biceps Brachii (long head) |
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Definition
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: flexion of elbow & supination of forearm |
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Term
| Biceps Brachii (Short Head) |
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Definition
Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: radial tuberosity
Action: flexion of elbow & supination of forearm |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromium & spine scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action: whole muscle acts as prime mover in humerus abduction; specific fibers aid in flexion, extension & rotation of humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: distal portion of anterior humerus
Insertion: coronoid process of ulna
Action: major flexor of forearm |
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Term
| Triceps Brachii (long head) |
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Definition
Origin: Inferior margin of glenoid cavity
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: powerful forearm extensor; antagonist of forearm flexors |
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Term
| Triceps Brachii (Lateral Head) |
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Definition
Origin: Posterior humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: powerful forearm extensor; antagonist of forearm flexors |
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Term
| Triceps Brachii (Medial Head) |
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Definition
Origin: Distal radial groove on posterior humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: powerful forearm extensor; antagonist of forearm flexors |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: dorsal ilium, sacrum & coccyx
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur & illotibial tract (majority)
Action: Powerful thigh extensor; antagonist of iliopsoas; laterally rotates & abducts thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: upper lateral surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trachanter of femur
Action: abducts & medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: anterior superior illiac spine
Insertion: aponeurosis into medial aspect of proximal tibia
Action: flexes, abducts & laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: anterior iliac crest & anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Action: flexes, abducts & medially rotates thigh |
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Term
| Quadiceps Femoris Muscles |
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Definition
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
vastus lateralis |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: linea aspera & intertrachateric line
Insertion: tibial tuberosity & patella
Action: extends knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: anterior & lateral surface of femur
Insertion: tibial tuberosity & patella
Action: extends knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line & linea aspera
Insertion: tibial tuberosity & patella
Action: extends & stabilizes knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine & superior margin of acetabelum
Insertion: tibial tuberosity & patella
Action: extends knee & flexes thigh at hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: inferior ramus & body pubis
Insertion: medial surface tibia below the medial condyle
Action: Adducts thigh; flexes & medially rotates leg |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ischial & pubic rami & ischial tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera & adductor tubercle femur
Action: adduct & medially rotate & flex thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral condyle & upper 2/3 of tibia
Insertion: by tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform & metatarsal 1
Action: prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot |
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Term
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Definition
semitendinosus
semimebranosus
biceps femoris |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ishcial tuberosity
Insertion: medial upper tibial shaft
Action: extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia & lateral condule of femur
Action: extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: ishcial tuberosity
Insertion: by tendon into head of fibula
Action: extends thigh; flexes knee; laterally rotates leg |
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Term
| Gastrocnemius (middle head) |
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Definition
Origin: medial condyle of femur
Insertion: calcaneal tendon to calcaneus
Action: Planter flexes foot when knee is extended; crosses knee joint, thus can flex knee |
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Term
| Gastrocnemius (Lateral Head) |
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Definition
Origin:lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: calcaneal tendon to calcaneus
Action: Planter flexes foot when knee is extended; crosses knee joint, thus can flex knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Proximal part of tibia & fibula
Insertion: Calcaneal tendon to calcaneus
Action: Planter flexion |
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