EPICRANIUS

FRONTALIS

AURICULARIS

OCCIPTALIS

NOTE- GALEA APONEUROTICA

FRONTALIS

AURICULARIS

OCCIPITALIS

ORBICULARIS OCULI

ORBICULARIS ORIS

BUCCINATOR

PLATYSMA

RISORIUS

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

EPICRANIUS (frontalis, auricularis, occipitalis)

ORBICULARIS OCULI

ORBICULARIS ORIS

BUCCINATOR

PLATYSMA

RISORIUS

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

TEMPORALIS

MASSETER

MEDIAL and LATERAL PTERYGOID

TEMPORALIS

O- temporal and parietal bones

I- anterior of ear, on coronoid process

A- opening/closing of mouth (elevates mandible) and chewing

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

DIGASTRIC

MYLOHYOID

MASSETER

16. O- zygomatic bone to zygomatic arch

I- mandibular ramus and angle

A- bite and grind food, elevate mandible

NOTE- one of strongest muscles lb for lb

MUSCLES THAT OPEN MOUTH

PLATYSMA

TEMPORALIS

MASSETER

MEDIAL PTERYGOID

O-medial side of ptyergoid process (medial surface of lateral protion of pterygoid process)

I- angle and ramus of mandible

A- chewing; elevates and protracts mandible and moves it from side to side

LATERAL PTYERGOID

O- lateral side of pterygoid process (lateral surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process)

I- condyloid process of mandible

A- protracts mandible, depresses and moves from side to side; gliding

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF NECK

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

TRAPEZIUS

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

222. O- manubrium and sternal end of clavicle

I- mastoid prcoess of skull

A- neck flexion and neck rotation

NOTE- elevates sternum during forced inhalation

MUSCLES OF ABDOMINAL WALL

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

TRAPEZIUS

226. O- external occipital protuberance

I- spinous processes C1 to T12; acromial end of clavicle; acromion of scapula; scapular spine

A- neck extension / hyperextension, elevator of shoulder, shrugger, adductor, raising hand

DIGASTRIC

12. O- infernior mandible

I- hyoid bone

A- opens mouth, depresses mandible

MYLOHYOID

13. O- inferior mandible

I- hyoid bone

A- opens mouth, depresses mandible

MUSCLES ACTING ON SCAPULA

ANTERIOR- serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

POSTERIOR- trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

542. O- 1-8 or 9 ribs

I- vertebral spine of scapula

A- steadies scapula, brings scapula towards ribs, fixes scapula

NOTE- Boxer's muscle therefore good for punching and pushing

PECTORALIS MINOR

26. O-  ribs 3-5

I- coracoid process of scapula

A- steadies scapula and brings scapula around to anterior, rotates scapula downward

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

O- C1-C4 spinous processes

I- superior angle of scapula

A- assist in shrugging and neck extension, rotates scapula downward

RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR

O- T2-T5 spines

I- vertebral border of scapula

A- elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula

RHOMBOIDEUS MINOR

O- C7-T1 spines

I- vertebral border of scapular spine

A- elveates adn adducts scapula and rotates downward, stabilizes scapula

PECTORALIS MAJOR

262. O- sternal end of clavicle, manubrium, ribs 2-6

I- intertubercular groove

A- adducts and flexes, medial rotation

NOTE- agonistic/antagonistic relationship w/ lat dorsi

LATISSIMUS DORSI

541. O- spinous processes of T7-T12

I- intertubercular groove

A- pulls humerus, extends, adducts shoulder and medial rotation

NOTE- swimmer's muscle

DELTOID

336. O- acromial end of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine

I- deltoid tuberosity

A- clavicular origin- flexion; acromion- abduction; scapular spine- extension/hyperextension

SUPRASPINATUS

a1. O- supraspinous fossa

I- greater tubercle of humerus

A- abduction of arm

INFRASPINATUS

a2. O- infraspinous fossa

I- greater tubercle

A- lateral rotation of shoulder and inward adduction

TERES MINOR

a4. O- axillary border of scapula

I- greater tubercle

A- lateral rotation of shoulder and adduction

SITS MUSCLES

aka ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

SUPRASPINATUS, INFRASPINATUS, TERES MINOR, SUBSCAPULARIS

NOTE- fix injury, chief stabilizers

SIT on greater tubercle

SUBSCAPULARIS

a6. O- subscapular fossa

I- lesser tubercle

A- medial rotation and adduction

TERES MAJOR

a3. O- inferior angle of scapula

I- intertubercular sulcus (edges)

A- adducts, medialy rotates and hyperextension of arm

CORACOBRACHIALIS

aCB. O- coracoid process of scapula

I- shaft of humerus

A- raise arm, shoulder flexion and adduction

BICEPS BRACHII

lateral (long) head

a9b. O- supraglenoid tubercle

I- radial tuberosity

A- flex forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm, flexion of shoulder

Note- biarticulate

BICEPS BRACHII

medial (short) head

a9a. O- coracoid prcoess of scapula

I- radial tuberosity

A- flex forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm, flexion of shoulder

Note- multiarticulate

BRACHIALIS

a10. O- mid shaft of humerus

I- ulnar tuberosity

A- elbow flexor

Note- powerhouse flexor

BRACHIORADIALIS

a20. O- lateral supracondylar ridge

I- styloid process of radius

A- elbow flexion with hand in mid-supinated position (handshake position)

TRICEPS BRACHII

long head

a11b. O- infraglenoid tubercle

I- olecranon

A- hyperextension / extend elbow and shoulder

TRICEPS BRACHII

lateral head

a11a. O- posterior humerus

I- olecranon

A- extends elbow

TRICEPS BRACHII

medial head

a11c. O- medial epicondyle, entire posterior surface of humerus inferior to groove

I- olecranon

A- tricep flexion, extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint

ANCONEUS

SUPINATOR

a25. O-supinator crest of ulna

I- proximal radius

A- supinates hand

PRONATOR TERES

a12. medial epicondyle of humerus

I- lateral surface of radius

A- pronation of forearm

Note- golfer's elbow or medial epicondylysis

PRONATOR QUADRATUS

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

a13. O- medial epicondyle

I- basis of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

A- flexes wrist and abduction of hand at wrist joint

PALMARIS LONGUS

a14. O- medial epicondyle

I-palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

A- weakly flexes hand at wrist

Note- absent in 8-10%; mostly F, Left

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

a15. O- medial epicondyle

I-pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

A- adduction, flexes wrist

MOST SUPERFICIAL OF MUSCLES THAT MOVE HAND

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

PALMARIS LONGUS

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS

a19. O- lateral epicondyle

I- base of 2nd metacarpal

A- extends adn abducts wrist

Note- paired with Brevis

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

a18. O- lateral epicondyle

I- base of metacarpal 3

A- extends and abducts wrist

Note- paired with Longus

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM (COMMUNIS)

a17. O- lateral epicondyle

I- digits 2-5

A- extends wrist and digits 2-5

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMUS

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

a16. O- lateral epicondyle

I- base of 5th metacarpal

A- extends and adducts wrist

EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS

EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS

ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

543. O- inferior surface of lower 8 ribs

I- linea alba

A- compression, rotation

Note- strongest of abdominal muscles, most superficial, runs inferiorly and medially

BICEPS FEMORIS

long head

l18a. O- ischial tuberosity

I- fibular head and lateral tibial condyle

A- knee flexion (when foot free to move), hip extension (when foot planted) and lateral rotation

BICEPS FEMORIS

short head

l18b. O- linea aspera

I- fibular head and lateral tibial condyle

A- knee flexion (when foot free to move), lateral rotation

SEMITENDINOSUS

l16. O- ischial tuberosity

I- proximal medial tibia

A- knee flexion, hip extension, and medial rotation

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

l11d. O- anterior shaft of femur

I- tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon

A- knee extension

VASTUS MEDIALIS

l11b. O- medial surface linea aspera

I- tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon

A- knee extension

VASTUS LATERALIS

l11c. O- greater trochanter and lateral linea aspera

I- tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon

A- knee extension

Note- largest of quadriceps

RECTUS FEMORIS

l12. O- anterior inferior iliac spine

I- tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon

A- knee extension, hip flexion

Note- only quadricep femoris that is biarticular (knee and hip joint)

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

RECTUS FEMORIS

VASTUS LATERALIS

VASTUS MEDIALIS

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

l17. O- ischial tuberosity

I- medial tibial condyle

A- knee flexion, hip extension, medial rotation

PECTINEUS

l12. O- superior pubic ramus

I- pectineal line (just below lesser trochanter)

A- hip flexion and adduction

Note- femoral triangle

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

569 (no lab). O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia

I- linea alba, pubic crest, costal cartilages of lower 3 ribs

A- compression, rotation

Note- middle, fibers

TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS

O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia

I- linea alba, pubic crest

A- compression

Note- strongest of external and internal, deepest.

GRACILIS

l15. O- pubic symphysis and inferior ramus

I- proximal medial tibia

A- weak flexor, hip adduction, knee flexion

FEMORAL TRIANGLE

SARTORIUS, PECTINEUS, and ADDUCTOR LONGUS

take pulse and blood- very superficial

inguinal ligament top, pectineus floor (backdrop)

ADDUCTOR LONGUS

l13. O- symphysis pubis (pubic body)

I- linea aspera

A- hip adduction, flexion

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

l14. O- ramus of ischium to tuberosity

I- 1 tendon- adductor tubercle; 2 tendon- linea aspear

A- hip adduction, flexion, extension

Note- adductor hiatus- where tendons split, landmark for femoral vein and deep femoral artery

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

l19. O- lateral condyle of tibia

I- medial (first) cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

A- ankle dorsiflexion and inversion

ANTERIOR CRURAL

shin

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

Note- primary dorsiflexors. shin splints from periosteum of tibia.

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

FIBULARIS LONGUS

l22. O- 2/3 shaft of fibula, lateral tibial condyle

I- 1st cuneiform, 1st metarsal

A- plantar flexes and everts foot

FIBULARIS BREVIS

LATERAL CRURAL MUSCLES

FIBULARIS LONGUS

FIBULARIS BREVIS

GASTROCNEMIUS

l24a,b. O- medial and lateral femoral condyles

I- by calcaneal/achilles tendon- calcaneus

A- knee flexion (foot off ground), ankle plantar flexion

Note- 2 bellies, sprinter's muscle

SOLEUS

l24c. O- proximal posterior heads of fibula and tibia, soleal line

I-calcaneus

A-ankle plantar flexion

Note- runner's calf, 75-80s slow twitch

PLANTARIS

l25. A- plantar flexion

Note- vestigal muscle, absent in 8-10% of population more often on left side

strongest tendon in human body

TRICEPS SURAE

also most split tendon

ACHILLE'S TENDON or CALCANEAL TENDON

made up of GASTROCNEMIUS, SOLEUS, PLANTARIS

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

473. O- pubic crest, tubercles, symphysis

I- cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

A- lumbar flexion (note action at origin when insertion is fixed)

Note- 8 pack

POPLITEUS

l26. A- protects back of knee, supports knee and stabilizes, unlocks and flexes knee

Note- aids the posterior cruciate ligament in preventing anterior displacement of femur with respect to the tibia

FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

l29. A- flexes hallux, ankle plantar flexion and inversion

FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

l27. A- flexes toes 2-5, ankle plantar flexion and eversion

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

l28.A- deepest, and strong plantar flexion

Note-important for arch

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

O- iliac crest, lower 3 lumbar

I- transverse processes of L1-L4

A- lumbar extension, lateral flexion

ERECTOR SPINAE

from sacrum to occipital bone, 9 muscles-3 groups

SPINALIS (medial)

LONGISSIMUS (intermediate)

ILIOCOSTALIS (lateral)- ilium to ribs

A- collectively extend back, extend neck (spinalis, longissimus)

Note- frequently strained during heavy lifting, pregnancy

ILIOPSOAS

ILIACUS

PSOAS MAJOR

ILIACUS

l2. O- iliac fossa

I- lesser trochanter

PSOAS MAJOR

l1. O- transverse processes of L3-L4

I- lesser trochanter

A- hip flexion, lateral rotation, lumbar flexion. deep hip flexors

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

l3. O- gluteal surface, sacrum, coccyx

I- gluteal tuberosity

A- hip extension, lateral rotation

Note- locomotion, bipedal stance

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

l4. O- gluteal surface

I- greater trochanter

A- hip abduction and medial rotation

Note- site of intramuscular injections

GLUTEUS MINIMUS

O- gluteal surface

I- lateral surface of greater trochanter

A- hip abduction and medial rotation

Note- smallest and deepest of posterior and lateral muscles of hip

PIRIFORMIS

l5. O- anterior sacrum (spaces between first 4 anterior sacral foramen)

I- superior border of greater trochanter

A- hip abduction and lateral rotation

Note- Piriformis syndrome- on top of sciatic nerve

DEEP LATERAL ROTATORS OF HIP

l7a. SUPERIOR GEMELLUS

l6. OBTURATOR INTERNUS

l7b. INFERIOR GEMELLUS

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS

l8. QUADRATUS FEMORIS

TENSOR FASCIA LATAE

l9. O- iliac crest (anterior iliac spine)

I- iliotibial tract/band to lateral tibial condyle (Gerdy's tubercle). aponeurosis

A- hip abduction and flexion, tenses thigh

SARTORIUS

l10. O- anterior superior iliac spine, crest

I- proximal medial tibia (on shaft)

A- hip and knee flexion, hip lateral rotation

Note- longest of body, Tailor's muscle. parallel, weak but fast.