O: manubrium and medial end of clavicle

I: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

A: lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side (unilateral action);

flexes neck (bilateral action)

O: manubrium and medial end of clavicle

I: hyoid bone

A: depresses larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed

O: lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process (posterior belly)

I: hyoid bone via fascia (CT) loop

A: raises hyoid bone, opens mouth, depresses mandible

O: medial surface of mandible

I: hyoid bone

A: raises hyoid bone and base of tongue during swallowing

O: zygomatic arch and maxilla

I: ramus and angle of mandible

A: prime mover of jaw closure,

elevates mandible

O: maxilla and mandible;

blend with fibers from around mouth

I: muscle and skin around mouth

A: closes mouth, purses and protrudes lips

(kiss muscle)

O: frontal and maxillary bones, ligaments around orbit

I: skin around eyelids

A: closes eyes, winking, blinking, squinting

(blink muscle)

O: temporal lines on parietal bone

I: Coronoid process of mandible

A: raises and retracts mandible, closes jaw

O:

I: clavicle

A: extends humerus

O: clavicle, cervical and t1 vertebrae

I: scapular spine

A: extend humerus

O: thoracic vertebrae

I: scapular spine

A: extends humerus

O: occiptal bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of c7-t12

I: clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

A: (superior fibers) raise and superiorly rotate scapula; (middle fibers) retract scapula;

(inferior fibers) depress scapula

O: occipital bone

I: vertebral border of scapula

A: elevates scapula

Clavodeltoid, Acromiodeltoid,

Spinodeltoid (cat)

O:  clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

A: abducts arm, raise and rotate humerus

O: Acromial end of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

A: (anterior fibers) flex and medially rotate arm; (middle fibers) prime mover of arm abduction; (posterior fibers) extend and laterally rotate arm

O: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of c7-t6

I: occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone, and transverse processes of c2-c4

A: turns or rotates head toward same side (unilateral action); extends and hyperextends head/neck

(bilateral action)

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: abducts arm

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: adducts and laterally rotates arm

O: subscapular fossa of scapula

I: lesser tubercle of humerus

A: medially rotates arm

O: vertebrae

I: scapular spine

A: hold dorsal part of scapula to cat's back

O: vertebrae

I: scapular spine

A: hold dorsal part of scapula to cat's back

O: spinous process of t7-t12, lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12, iliac crest

I: intertubercular groove of humerus

A: prime mover of arm extension, adducts and medially rotates arm (swimmer's muscle)

O: lateral border and inferior angle of scapula

I: lesser tubercle and intertubercular groove of humerus

A: extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

O: manubrium

I: humerus

A: adduct arm

O: medial clavicle, body of sternum, costal cartilage of ribs 1-6, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

I: intertubercular groove of humerus

A: prime mover of arm flexion, adducts and medially rotates arm

O: anterior surface of ribs 3-5 near costal cartilage

I: coracoid process of scapula

A: protracts and depresses scapula

O: xiphoid process

I: humerus

A: adducts arm

O: inferior border of superior rib

I: superior border of inferior rib

A: elevates rib cage during inhalation

O: superior border of inferior rib

I: inferior border of superior rib

A: depresses rib cage during forced exhalation (antagonistic to external intercostals)

O: lateral aspect of ribs 1-8

I: medial border and anterior surface of scapula

A: prime mover in scapula protraction, superiorly rotates scapula, stabilizes scapula

O: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

I: superior surface of ribs 1-2

A: flex neck, elevates ribs 1-2 during forced inhalation

O: facsia of latissimus dorsi

I: olecranon process of ulna

A: extends forelimb of cat

O: (short head) coracoid process of scapula,

(long head) intertubercular sulcus of humerus

I: radial tuberosity

A: flexion of elbow, supinates forearm

O: (long head) glenoid cavity; (lateral head) posterior humerus; (medial head) distal radial groove of posterior humerus

I: olecranon process of ulna

A: extends forearm

O: medial epicondyle of humerus,

coronoid process of ulna

I: lateral surface of radius

A: pronates forearm

O: Anterior surface of inferior eight ribs

I: linea alba, pubic crest and iliac crest

A: flexes and rotates vertebral column

O: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inguinal ligament

I: Linea alba, pubic crest, costal cartilage of ribs 8-10

A: flexes and rotates vertebral column

O: lumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, cartilages of inferior six ribs

I: linea alba and pubic crest

A: compresses abdominal contents

O: pubic crest and symphysis

I: xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7

A: flexes vertebral column

O: anterior superior iliac spine

I: medial side of tibial tuberosity

A: flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee

O: inferior ramus and body of pubis

I: medial surface of tibia just inferior to medial condyle

A: adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg, especially during walking

O: (long head) ischial tuberosity;

(short head) linea aspera and distal femur

I: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

A: extends thigh, laterally rotates leg, flexes knee

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial condyle of tibia, lateral condyle of femur

A: extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg

O: ischial tuberosity

I: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft

A: extends thigh, flexes knee, medially rotates leg

O: pubic ramus and ischium

I: femoral shaft

A: extend and adduct thigh

O: pubic bone

I: proximal surface of femur

A: adducts, flexes thigh

O: lateral and medial condyles of femur

I: calcaneus

A: plantar flexes foot, flexes leg

O: head and proximal shaft of fibula

and medial border of tibia

I: calcaneus

A: plantar flexes foot

O:

I:

A: Plantar flexes foot

O: transverse processes of t1-t12

and lumbar vertebrae

I: medial aspect of proximal femur

A: flexes and laterally rotates thigh

O: pubis

I: proximal end of femur

A: adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh

Peroneus muscles

(fibularis longus, fibularis brevis, fibularis tertius) 

O: fibula

I: (longus) metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform

(brevis) proximal end of metatarsal 5

(tertius) dorsum of metatarsal 5

A: plantar flexes foot, everts foot

O: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal three-quarters of fibula, interosseous membrane

I: tendon divides into four parts, inserts into middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

A: toe extension, dorsiflexion

O: lateral condyle and upper two-thirds of tibia, interosseous membrane

I: by tendon into inferior surface of first cuniform and metatarsal 1

A: dorsiflexion, inverts foot, supports longitudinal arch of foot

O: iliac spine and acetabulum

I: tibial tuberosity and patella

A: extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

O: linea aspera and intertrochanteric line

I: tibial tuberosity and patella

A: extends knee, stabilizes patella

O: greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line,

linea aspera

I: tibial tuberosity and patella

A: extends and stabilizes knee

O: anterior and lateral surface of femur

I: tibial tuberosity and patella

A: extends knee

O: anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine

I: Iliotibial tract (lateral portion of fascia lata)

A: Flexes, adducts and medially rotates thigh; steadies trunk

O: caudal vertebrae

I:  patella via an aponeurosis

A: adducts thigh, flexes vertebral column

O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx

I: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

A: thigh extensor, antagonist of iliopsoas,

laterally rotates and abducts thigh

O: upper lateral surface of ilium

I: greater trochanter of femus

A: abducts and medially rotates thigh;

steadies pelvis during walking