Term
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Definition
Origin: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII toTXII
Insertion: Lateral one- third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Innervation: Motor- accessory nerve [XI]; proprioception- C3 and C4
Action: Assists in rotating the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal; upper fibers elevate, middle fibers adduct, and lower fibers depress scapula |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spinous processes of TVIItoLVand sacrum, iliac crest, ribs X to XII
Insertion: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8)
Action: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of CI to CIV
Insertion: Upper portion medial border of scapula
Innervation: C3 toC4and dorsal scapular nerve
Action: Elevates scapula |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spinous processes of TII toTV
Insertion: Medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Action: Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII and TI
Insertion: Medial border of scapula at the spine of scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Action: Retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula |
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Term
| Serratus posterior superior |
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Definition
Origin: Lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TIII and supraspinous ligaments
Insertion: Upper border ofribsIItoV just lateral to their angles
Innervation: Anterior rami of upper thoracic nerves (T2 to T5)
Action: Elevates ribs II to V |
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Term
| Serrates posterior inferior |
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Definition
Origin: Spinous processes of TXI to LIII and supraspinous ligaments
Insertion: Lower border of ribs IX to XII just lateral to their angles
Innervation: Anterior rami of lower thoracic nerves (T9 to T12)
Action: Depresses ribs IX to XII and may prevent lower ribs from being elevated when the diaphragm contracts |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lower half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TIV
Insertion: Mastoid process, skull below lateral one-third of superior nuchal line
Innervation: Posterior rami middle cervical nerves
Action: Together-draw head backward, extending neck; individually-draw and rotate head to one side (turn face to same side) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spinous processes of TIII to TVI
Insertion: Transverse processes of CI to CIII
Innervation: Posterior rami lower cervical nerves
Action: Together-extend neck; individually-draw and rotate head to one side (turn face to same side) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar and lower two thoracic vertebrae and their supraspinous ligaments, and the iliac crest
Insertion: Angles of the lower six or seven ribs
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Angles of the lower six ribs
Insertion: Angles of the upper six ribs and the transverse process of CVII
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Angles of ribs III to VI
Insertion: Transverse processes of CIV to CVI
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Blends with iliocostalis in lumbar region and is attached to transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and just lateral to the tubercles of the lower nine or ten ribs
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae
Insertion:Transverse processes of CII to CVI
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of upper four or five thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of lower three or four cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Posterior margin of the mastoid process
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spinous processes of TX or TXI to LII
Insertion: Spinous processes of TI to TVIII (varies)
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of CVII (sometimes TI to TII)
Insertion: Spinous process of CII (axis)
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Usually blends with semispinalis capitis
Insertion: With semispinalis capitis
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Extends and laterally bends
vertebral column and head |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of TVI to TX
Insertion: Spinous processes of upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae
Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Action: Extends head, neck, and
thorax and rotates them to opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of upper five or six thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of CII (axis) to CV
Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Action: Extends head, neck, and
thorax and rotates them to opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of TI to TVI (or TVII) and CVII and articular processes of CIV to CVI
Insertion: Medial area between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of occipital bone
Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Action: Extends head, neck, and
thorax and rotates them to opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Sacrum, origin of erector spinae, posterior superior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of lower four cervical vertebrae
Insertion:Base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from LV to CII (axis)
Innervation: Dorsal rami of region
Action: Stabilizes spine |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae
Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Action: Stabilizes, extends, and rotates
spine |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
Insertion:Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Action: Stabilizes, extends, and rotates
spine |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Articular processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
Innervation: Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Action: Stabilizes, extends, and rotates
spine |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Short paired muscles arising from transverse processes of CVII to TXI
Insertion: The rib below vertebra of origin near tubercle
Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action: Contraction elevates rib |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Short paired muscles attached to the spinous processes of contiguous vertebrae, one on each side of the interspinous ligament
Insertion: Adjacent spinous process
Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action: Postural muscles that stabilize adjoining vertebra during movements of vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Small muscles between the transverse processes of contiguous vertebrae
Insertion: Extend between adjacent transverse
processes of vertebrae
Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves
Action: Postural muscles that stabilize adjoining vertebra during movements of vertebral column |
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Term
| Rectus capitis posterior major |
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Definition
Origin: Spinous process of axis (CII)
Insertion: Lateral portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line
Innervation: Posterior ramus of C1
Action: Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle |
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Term
| Rectus capitis posterior minor |
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Definition
Origin: Posterior tubercle of atlas (CI)
Insertion: Medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line
Innervation: Posterior ramus of C1
Action: Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle |
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Term
| Obliquus capitis superior |
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Definition
Origin: Transverse process of atlas (CI)
Insertion: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Innervation: Posterior ramus of C1
Action: Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle |
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Term
| Obliquus capitis inferior |
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Definition
Origin: Spinous process of axis (CII)
Insertion: Transverse process of atlas (CI)
Innervation: Posterior ramus of C1
Action: Extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Medial half of clavicle and anterior surface of sternum, first seven costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique
Insertion: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Action: Adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Rib I at junction between rib and costal cartilage
Insertion: Groove on inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
Innervation: Nerve to subclavius
Action: Pulls clavicle medially to stabilize sternoclavicular joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior surfaces of the third, fourth and fifth ribs, and deep fascia overlying the related intercostal spaces
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula
Innervation: Medial pectoral nerves
Action: Depresses tip of shoulder; protracts scapula |
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Term
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Definition
Superior Attachment: Inferior margin of rib above
Inferior Attachment: Superior margin of rib below
Innervation: Intercostal nerves; T1- T11
Action: Most active during inspiration; supports intercostal space; moves ribs superiorly |
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Term
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Definition
Superior Attachment: Lateral edge of costal groove of rib above
Inferior Attachment: Superior margin of rib below deep to the attachment of the related external intercostal
Innervation: Intercostal nerves; T1- T11
Action: Most active during expiration; supports intercostal space; moves ribs inferiorly |
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Term
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Definition
Superior Attachment: Medial edge of costal groove of rib above
Inferior Attachment: nternal aspect of superior margin of rib below
Innervation: Intercostal nerves; T1- T11
Action: Acts with internal intercostal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Superior Attachment: Internal surface (near angle) of lower ribs
Inferior Attachment: Internal surface of second or third rib below
Innervation: Related intercostal nerves
Action: May depress ribs |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of second to sixth ribs Inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of second to sixth ribs
Superior Attachment: Inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of second to sixth ribs Inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of second to sixth ribs
Inferior Attachment: nferior aspect of deep surface of body of sternum, xiphoid process and costal cartilages ribs IV-VII
Innervation: Related intercostal nerves
Action: Depresses costal cartilages |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower eight ribs (ribs V to XII)
Insertion: Lateral lip of iliac crest; aponeurosis ending in midline raphe (linea alba)
Innervation: Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)
Action: Compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk to same side, turning anterior part of abdomen to opposite side |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest between origins of external and transversus; lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament
Insertion: Inferior border of the lower three or four ribs; aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest and pectineal line
Innervation: Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and L1
Action: Compress abdominal contents; both muscles flex trunk; each muscle bends trunk and turns anterior part of abdomen to same side |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia; medial lip of iliac crest; lateral one-third of inguinal ligament; costal cartilages lower six ribs (ribs VII to XII)
Insertion: Aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest and pectineal line
Innervation: Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12) and L1
Action: Compress abdominal contents |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Pubic crest, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysis
Insertion: Costal cartilages of ribs V to VII; xiphoid process
Innervation: Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7 to T12)
Action: Compress abdominal contents; flex vertebral column; tense abdominal wall |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Front of pubis and pubic symphysis
Insertion: Into linea alba
Innervation: Anterior ramus of T12
Action: Tenses the linea alba |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral surface of bodies of TXII and LI to LV vertebrae, transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, and the intervertebral discs between TXII and LI to LV vertebrae
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of the femur
Innervation: Anterior rami of L1 to L3
Action: Flexion of thigh at hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral surface of bodies of TXII and LI vertebrae and intervening intervertebral disc
Insertion: Pectineal line of the pelvic brim and iliopubic eminence
Innervation: Anterior rami of L1
Action: Weak flexion of lumbar vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse process of LV vertebra, iliolumbar ligament, and iliac crest
Insertion:Transverse processes of LI to LIV vertebrae and inferior border of rib XII
Innervation: Anterior rami of T12 and L1 to L4
Action: Depress and stabilize rib XII and some lateral bending of trunk |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Upper two-thirds of iliac fossa, anterior sacroiliac and iliolumbar ligaments, and upper lateral surface of sacrum
Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2 to L4)
Action: Flexion of thigh at hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterolateral wall of true pelvis (deep surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone)
Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus L5, SI
Action: Lateral rotation of the extended hip joint; abduction of flexed hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum between anterior sacral foramina
Insertion: Medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Innervation: Branches from L5, SI, and S2
Action: Lateral rotation of the extended hip joint; abduction of flexed hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: In a line around the pelvic wall beginning on the posterior aspect of the pubic bone and extending across the obturator internus muscle as a tendinous arch (thickening of the obturator internus fascia) to the ischial spine
Insertion: The anterior part is attached to the superior surface of the perineal membrane; the posterior part meets its partner on the other side at the perineal body, around the anal canal, and along the anococcygeal ligament
Innervation: Branches direct from the ventral ramus of S4, and by the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Action: Contributes to the formation of the pelvic floor, which supports the pelvic viscera; maintains an angle between the rectum and anal canal. Reinforces the external anal sphincter and, in women, functions as a vaginal sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial spine and pelvic surface of the sacrospinous ligament
Insertion: Lateral margin of coccyx and related border of sacrum
Innervation: Branches from the anterior rami of S3 and S4
Action: Contributes to the formation of the pelvic floor, which supports the pelvic viscera; pulls coccyx forward after defecation |
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Term
| External urethral sphincter |
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Definition
Origin: From the inferior ramus of the pubis on each side and adjacent walls of the deep perineal pouch
Insertion: Surrounds membranous part of urethra
Innervation: Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Action: Compresses the membranous urethra; relaxes during micturition |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Medial aspect of ischial ramus
Insertion: Perineal body
Innervation: Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Action: Stabilizes the position of the perineal body |
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Term
| Compressor urethrae (in women only) |
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Definition
Origin: Ischiopubic ramus on each side
Insertion: Blends with partner on other side anterior to the urethra
Innervation: Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Action: Functions as an accessory sphincter of the urethra |
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Term
| Sphincter urethrovaginalis |
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Definition
Origin: Perineal body
Insertion: Passes forward lateral to the vagina to blend with partner on other side anterior to the urethra
Innervation: Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Action: Functions as an accessory sphincter of the urethra (also may facilitate closing the vagina) |
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Term
| External Anal Sphincter Deep Part |
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Definition
Origin: Surrounds superior aspect of anal
Insertion:.....
Innervation: Pudendal nerve (S2 and S3) and branches directly from S4
Action: Closes anal canal |
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Term
| External Anal Sphincter Superficial Part |
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Definition
Origin: Surrounds lower part of anal canal
Insertion: Anchored to perineal body and anococcygeal body
Innervation:.....
Action:..... |
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Term
| External Anal Sphincter Subcutaneous Part |
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Definition
Origin: Surrounds anal aperture
Insertion:.....
Innervation:.....
Action:.... |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity and ramus
Insertion: Crus of penis and clitoris
Innervation: Pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Action: Move blood from crura into the body of the erect penis and clitoris |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: In women: perineal body In men: perineal body, midline raphe
Insertion: In women: bulb of vestibule, perineal membrane, body of clitoris, and corpus cavernosum
In men: bulbospongiosus, perineal membrane, corpus cavernosum
Innervation: Pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Action: Move blood from attached parts of the clitoris and penis into the glans In men: removal of residual urine from urethra after urination; pulsatile emission of semen during ejaculation |
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Term
| Superficial transverse perineal |
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Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity and ramus
Insertion: Perineal body
Innervation: Pudendal nerve (S2 to S4)
Action: Stabilize the perineal body |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: External surface of ischial spine
Insertion: Along length of superior surface of the obturator internus tendon and into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Action: Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Along length of inferior surface of the obturator internus tendon and into the medial side of greater trochanter of femur with obturator internus tendon
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Action: Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint; abducts flexed femur at hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral aspect of the ischium just anterior to the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of the proximal femur
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Action: Laterally rotates the extended femur at hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: External surface of ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Linear facet on the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Action: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Elongate facet on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Action: Abducts femur at hip joint; holds pelvis secure over stance leg and prevents pelvic drop on the opposite swing side during walking; medially rotates thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Fascia covering gluteus medius, external surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line, fascia of erector spinae, dorsal surface of lower sacrum, lateral margin of coccyx, external surface of sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Action: Powerful extensor of flexed femur at hip joint; lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint; laterally rotates and abducts thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral aspect of crest of ilium between anterior superior iliac spine and tubercle of the crest
Insertion: Iliotibial tract of fascia lata
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Action: Stabilizes the knee in extension |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Femur-medial part of intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial lip of the linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon and medial border of patella
Innervation: Femoral nerve [L2, L3, L4]
Action: Extends the leg at the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Femur-upper two-thirds of anterior and lateral surfaces
Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon and lateral margin of patella
Innervation: Femoral nerve [L2, L3, L4]
Action: Extends the leg at the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Femur-lateral part of intertrochanteric line, margin of greater trochanter, lateral margin of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of the linea aspera
Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon
Innervation: Femoral nerve [L2, L3, L4]
Action: Extends the leg at the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Straight head originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head originates from the ilium just superior to the acetabulum
Insertion: Quadriceps femoris tendon
Innervation: Femoral nerve [L2, L3, L4]
Action: Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Medial surface of tibia just inferomedial to tibial tuberosity
Innervation: Femoral nerve [L2, L3]
Action: Flexes the thigh at the hip joint and extends the leg at the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: A line on the external surfaces of the body of the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ramus of the ischium
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal shaft of tibia
Innervation: Obturator nerve [L2, L3]
Action: Adducts thigh at hip joint and flexes leg at knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Pectineal line (pecten pubis) and adjacent bone of pelvis
Insertion: Oblique line extending from base of lesser trochanter to linea aspera on posterior surface of proximal femur
Innervation: Femoral nerve [L2, L3]
Action: Adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: External surface of body of pubis (triangular depression inferior to pubic crest and lateral to pubic symphysis)
Insertion: Linea aspera on middle one-third of shaft of femur
Innervation: Obturator nerve (anterior division) [L2, L3, L4]
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: External surface of body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal femur and upper one-third of linea aspera
Innervation: Obturator nerve [L2, L3]
Action: Adducts thigh at hip joint |
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Term
| Adductor magnus-adductor part |
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Definition
Origin: Ischiopubic ramus
Insertion: Posterior surface of proximal femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
Innervation: Obturator nerve [L2, L3, L4]
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint |
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Term
| Adductor magnus-Hamstring part |
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Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Adductor tubercle and supracondylar line
Innervation: Sciatic nerve (tibial division) [L2, L3, L4]
Action: Adducts and medially rotates thigh at hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: External surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa
Innervation: Obturator nerve (posterior division) [L3, L4]
Action: Laterally rotates thigh at hip joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Long head- inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity; short head-lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: Head of fibula
Innervation: Sciatic nerve [L5, S1, S2]
Action: Flexes leg at knee joint; extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip joint and laterally rotates leg at knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Inferomedial part of the upper area of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of proximal tibia
Innervation: Sciatic nerve [L5, S1, S2]
Action: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Superolateral impression on the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Groove and adjacent bone on medial and posterior surface of medial tibial condyle
Innervation: Sciatic nerve [L5, S1, S2]
Action: Flexes leg at knee joint and extends thigh at hip joint; medially rotates thigh at hip joint and leg at knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Medial head-posterior surface of distal femur just superior to medial condyle; lateral head-upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
Insertion: Via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus
Innervation: Tibial nerve [S1, S2]
Action: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Inferior part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and oblique popliteal ligament of knee
Insertion:Via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus
Innervation:Tibial nerve [S1, S2]
Action:Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Soleal line and medial border of tibia; posterior aspect of fibular head and adjacent surfaces of neck and proximal shaft; tendinous arch between tibial and fibular attachments
Insertion:Via calcaneal tendon, to posterior surface of calcaneus
Innervation: Tibial nerve [S1, S2]
Action: Plantarflexes foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral femoral condyle
Insertion:Posterior surface of proximal tibia
Innervation: Tibial nerve [L4 to S1]
Action:Stabilizes knee joint (resists lateral rotation of tibia on femur) Unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion:Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation:Tibial nerve [S2, S3]
Action:Flexes great toe |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Medial side of posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion:Plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes
Innervation:Tibial nerve [S2, S3]
Action:Flexes lateral four toes |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula
Insertion:Mainly to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform
Innervation:Tibial nerve [L4, L5]
Action:Inversion and plantarflexion of foot; support of medial arch of foot during walking |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Upper lateral surface of fibula, head of fibula, and occasionally the lateral tibial condyle
Insertion:Undersurface of lateral sides of distal end of medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
Innervation:Superficial fibular nerve [L5, S1, S2]
Action:Eversion and plantarflexion of foot; supports arches of foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Lower two-thirds of lateral surface of shaft of fibula
Insertion:Lateral tubercle at base of metatarsal V
Innervation:Superficial fibular nerve [L5, S1, S2]
Action:Eversion of foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion:Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces on base of metatarsal I
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve [L4, L5]
Action:Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint; inversion of foot; dynamic support of medial arch of foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Middle one-half of medial surface of fibula and adjacent surface of interosseous membrane
Insertion:Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve [L5,S1]
Action:Extension of great toe and dorsiflexion of foot |
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Term
| Extensor digitorum longus |
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Definition
Origin:Proximal one-half of medial surface of fibula and related surface of lateral tibial condyle
Insertion:Via dorsal digital expansions into bases of distal and middle phalanges of lateral four toes
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve [L5, S1]
Action:Extension of lateral four toes and dorsiflexion of foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Distal part of medial surface of fibula
Insertion:Dorsomedial surface of base of metatarsal V
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve [L5, S1]
Action:Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot |
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Term
| Extensor digitorum brevis |
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Definition
Origin:Superolateral surface of the calcaneus
Insertion:Base of proximal phalanx of great toe and lateral sides of the tendons of extensor digitorum longus of toes II to IV
Innervation:Deep fibular nerve [S1, S2]
Action:Extension of metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe and extension of toes II to IV |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion:Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Innervation:Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve [S1, S2, S3]
Action:Abducts and flexes great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and plantar aponeurosis
Insertion:Sides of plantar surface of middle phalanges of lateral four toes
Innervation:Medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve [S1, S2, S3]
Action:Flexes lateral four toes at proximal interphalangeal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Lateral and medial processes of calcaneal tuberosity, and band of connective tissue connecting calcaneus with base of metatarsal V
Insertion:Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Innervation:Lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve [S1, S2, S3]
Action:Abducts little toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Medial surface of calcaneus and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion:Lateral side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus in proximal sole of the foot
Innervation:Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve [S1, S2, S3]
Action:Assists flexor digitorum longus tendon in flexing toesIItoV |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:First lumbrical-medial side of tendon of flexor digitorum longus associated with toe II; second, third, and fourth lumbricals-adjacent surfaces of adjacent tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion:Medial free margins of extensor hoods of toesIItoV
Innervation:First lumbrical- medial plantar nerve from the tibial nerve; second, third, and fourth lumbricals-lateral plantar nerve from the tibial nerve [S2, S3]
Action:Flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint and extension of interphalangeal joints |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform; tendon of tibialis posterior
Insertion:Lateral and medial sides of base of proximal phalanx of the great toe
Innervation:Medial plantar nerve from tibial nerve [S1, S2]
Action:Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Transverse head-ligaments associated with metatarsophalangeal joints of lateral three toes; oblique head- bases of metatarsals II to IV and from sheath covering fibularis longus
Insertion:Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of great toe
Innervation:Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve [S2, S3]
Action:Adducts great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint |
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Term
| Flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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Definition
Origin:Base of metatarsal V and related sheath of fibularis longus tendon
Insertion:Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe
Innervation:Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve [S2, S3]
Action:Flexes little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Sides of adjacent metatarsals
Insertion:Extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes II to IV
Innervation:Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve; first and second dorsal interossei also innervated by deep fibular nerve [S2, S3]
Action:Abduction of toes II to IV at metatarsophalangeal joints; resist extension of metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of interphalangeal joints |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Medial sides of metatarsals of toes III to V
Insertion:Extensor hoods and bases of proximal phalanges of toes III to V
Innervation:Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve [S2, S3]
Action:Adduction of toes III to V at metatarsophalangeal joints; resist extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints and flexion of the interphalangeal joints |
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