Facial Nerve

(Cranial Nerve 7)

• Occipitofrontalis
• Epicranial Aponeurosis 
• Orbicularis Oculi 
• Orbicularis Oris
• Zygomaticus Minor 
• Zygomaticus Major 
• Platysma
• Levator Labii Superioris 
• Buccinator 
• Depressor Anguli Oris 

• Zygomaticus Major: Located more laterally
• Zygomaticus Minor: Located more medially 

• Occipitalfrontalis: Raise the eye brows 
• Orbicularis Oculi: Winking and closing the eye 
• Buccinator + Orbicularis Oris: Holding air in, inflating cheeks. 
• Zygomaticus Major + Minor: Moves lips to one side 
• Levator Labii Superious + Depressor Labii: Grr face
• Orbicularis Oculi: Kissy face
• Depressor Anguli labii: Frown 
• Playma: Contraction of neck

Trigeminal Nerve 

(Cranial Nerves 5) 

• Temporalis 
• Masseter

• Moves the mandible
• elevates and retracts the mandible. 
• CN5
• The mandible is the insertion
• The temporal bone is the orgin- because it does not move

• Facial expression muscle but helps with mastication
• Moves food from cheeks to teeth
• Important for infants shocking 

• Superior Rectus 
• Inferior Rectus 
• Lateral Rectus
• Medial Rectus
• Superior Oblique: Moves eye down and lateral 
• Inferior Oblique: Up and lateral 

• All extrinsic eye muscles

• Mandible to Hyoid 
• Supports the floor of your mouth 
• Depresses Mandible and elevates hyoid

• Two Orgins: Mastoid Process (posterior) and Mandible (anterior)
• Insertion on the hyoid
• Depresses the mandible  

• Orgin at the styloid process
• Insertion at the hyoid bone 

• Origin: Shoulder/clavicle 
• Insertion: Hyoid 
• Depress hyoid because it is below hyoid

• Origin at the sternum specifically the manubrium
• Depresses the hyoid (below the hyoid)

• Origin at the clavicle and sternum 
• Insetion in the mastoid process 
• All together: the action is lateral flexion of the neck
• One side contracts: turns face opposite way- rotation

• Orgin: Transverse and costal process 
• Insertion: Superior surface of first and second ribs
• When one side contracts: bends neck and rotates to the opposite side 
• Together they elevate ribs and flex the neck

Internal Intercostal Muscles: 

• Letting air out bring rib cage back out. 
• Depress ribs

• Takes up the thorax and abdominal regions 
• Huge dome 
• Right dome is higher than left dome because of the liver
• Important for breathing

1. Inspiration Maximum: Diaphragm is contracted. The diaphragm is pulled down to allow air to enter the lungs
2. Expiration: Diaphragm relaxes 

• Orginate from the vertebrae or ribs 
• Insert on the vertebrae or rib 
• Moves the trunk

• Big sheet that seperates the intrinsic muscles from the extrinsic muscles 

• This is a neck muscle 
• It attaches to the back of the head 
• Both sides contracts: Extension
• One side contracts: lateral flexion

• If all the muscles contract: extension, pull back and standing upright position
• If on the Iliocostalis and Longissium Contract: Helps the body bend to the side or rotate 

Abdominal Muscles:

 The Anterior Wall 

• External Oblique: fibers are going to hand of pockets; Tendon raps around the rectus abdominis
• Internal Oblique:  Fibers are going the opposite directions 
• Transversus Abdominis: Transverse fibers; rectus sheet surronds the rectus abdominis
• Rectus Abdominis 

Abdominal Muscle:

Posterior Wall

• Psoas Major: Postural muscle, helps the body not fall forward. Muscle attaches to femur.
• Iliacus: Located in the illiac fossa
• Quadratus Lumborum: Four sides to the muscle insertion at the lumbar region to origin in the pelvic 
• Transversus Abdominis

• Starting bended Backwards going to upright position
• Psoas Major 
• Rectus Abdominis

• Starting from bended forward position going to upright position
• Errector Spinae Group

• External Oblique (anterior part)
• Internal Oblique (anterior part)
• Internal Oblique and External Oblique (Lateral Part)
• Quadratus Lumborum 

• Axillary Nerve
• Musculocutaneous Nerve
• Radial Nerve 
• Ulna Nerve 
• Median Nerve

• Insertion on the scapula and clavicle 
• Retracting the scapula= pulling shoulder back
• Elevate scapula and clavicle 

• Trapezius 
• Levator Scapulae= attaches to the cervical vertebrae

• Rhomboids major and minor= they also are between the scapula and spine 

• Pectoralis Minor 
• Serratus Anterior 

• Depresses Scapula 
• Protracts Scapula 

• Innervation: Axillary Nerve
• Abducts arm 
• Insertion: deltoid tuberosity 

• Latissimus Dorsi
• Pectoralis Major 

• Extends Arm 
• Adducts Arm 

• Pectoralis Major
• Teres Major 

• Adducts arm
• Medially rotates arm 

• Supraspinatus 
• Infraspinatus 
• Teres Minor 
• Subcapularis 

• Supraspinatus 
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor 

• Coracobrachialis
• Biceps Brachii

• Biceps Brachii
• Brachialis

• Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
• Actions: Flexes forearm, flexes arm, and helps hold the humeral head in glenoid fossa

• Triceps Brachii 

Innervation: Musculocataneous Nerve

Flexes Forearm 

Crosses the elbow joint 

• Innervation: Radial Nerve
• Action: Extends forearm, and adducts arm
• Long head, Lateral Head, Medial Head

Deep Anterior Compartment/ 

Superficial Anterior Compartment 

• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 
• Flexor Digitorum Profundus

• Pronator tere
• Flexor Carpi Radialis 
• Palmaris longus 
• Flexor digitorum superficialis 
• Flexor pollicis longus 
• pronator quadratus 

Flexes and abducts hand at the wrist 

Going down the radius 

flexes phalanges of digits 2-5

Curling fingers 

Flexes phalanges of digits 2-5

Pronates forearm 

Going across radius and ulna

• Extensor Carpi ulnaris 
• Extensor digitorum
• Extensor digiti minimi
• Supinator
• Abductor pollicis longs 
• Extensor pollicis longus and brevis 
• Extensor Indicis
• Braciaoradialis 
• Extensor carpi radialis longus 
• Extensor carpi radialis brevis

• Extends and adducts hand at the wrist

Flexor Tendon sheaths 

Anterior View

Extensor tendon sheaths 

Posterior view

• Extensor pollicis longus tendon 
• Extensor pollicis brevis tendon 

Femoral Nerve: Stays infront of femur 

Obturator Nerve: Anterior passes through obturator foramen 

Sciatic Nerve: Back of the thigh and splits into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Common fibular nerve divides into two nerves Superficial fibular nerve and Deep fibular nerve

Gluteus Maximus 

Gluteus Medius 

Gluteus Minimus 

Tensor Fasciae Lata

Innervation Femoral nerve

Flexes thigh

Quadriceps Femoris Group

Vastus Intermedius 

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

Rectus Femoris 

Attaches to the tibia eventually crosses bothe the hip and knee joints

Innervation: Femoral Nerve

Extends leg and flexes thigh

Femoral nerve 

Extends leg

Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh 

Tailor muslce and leg cross position

Adductor brevis 

Adductor longus 

gracilis

Adductor magnus- biggest of medial muscles

Adductor hiatus

Adductor brevis 

Adductor longus 

gracilis

Adductor magnus

Adductor hiatus

Semitendinosus

Biceps Femoris (short and long head)

Semimembranosus 

Innervation: Sciatic nerve

Actions: Extend thigh and flex leg 

A lot of the muscles cross both the hip and knee joint

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Attaches to the tarsals- only muscles that does not go to the toes

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Inverts foot

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

Keeps toe straight only going to the hallux

Extends hallux

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Extends digits 2-5

Innervation: Deep fibular nerve

Tibialis anterior 

Extensor hallucis longus 

Extendor digitorum longus

Attaching to the lateral side of the tarsal bones 

Evert foot

Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve

Flexes Leg

Innervation: Tibial nerve

Plantarflex foot

Tibial nerve

Plantarflexes foot 

Proprioceptor 

Tibial nerve

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR- 

does not go to toes

Tibial nerve

Inverts foot and plantarflexes 

Popliteus 

Unlocks fully extended knee

Tibial Nerve