Term
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Definition
Origin: Zygomatic process
Insertion: Ramus and Angle of mandible
Action: Agoist for closing the jaw |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: fascia of deltoid and pecs
Insertion: lower margin of mandible and corners of mandible
Action: depresses the mandible |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: transverse process cervical vertebrae
Insertion: anterior lateral 1st-2nd ribs
Action: flexes, laterally flexes, rotates the cervical spine, and elevates the 1st and 2nd ribs |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: manubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone
Action: Prime mover of head flexion and lateral flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: occipital bone, spinous process of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula
Action: aid to suspending shoulder girdle, assists with elevate and upward rotation of scapula |
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Term
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Definition
-Iliocostalis- most lateral, extends from pelvis to neck
-Longissimus- intermediate,lumbar region to skull
-Spinalis-medial most, lumbar to cervical region
-together known as paraspinals |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: iliac crest and iliolumbar fascia
Insertion: transverse processes of upper four lumbar vertebrae and 12th rib
Action: maintains upright posture. lateral flexes lumbar spne |
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Term
| Multifidus- extends length of column |
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Definition
Origin: Sacrum, erector sinae tendon
Insertion: Spinous process
Action: extends and rotate minimally |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: pubic crest and adjacent ligament
Insertion: xiphoid process, carilages of ribs 5-7
Action: flexion of the lumbar spine |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Outer surface of lower eight ribs: upper 5 slips interdigiate with serratus anterior; lower 3 slips with latissimus dorsi muscle
Insertion: Crest of pubis, linea alba, iliac crest, aponeurosis
Action: rot. Laterally flex vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior 2/3's iliac crest, inguinal ligament, fascia sheaths
Insertion: Lower 3-4 ribs, pubic crest, linea alba
Action: rot. Laterally flex vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Costal cartilage of lower six ribs, inguinal ligament, lumbodarsal fascia
Insertion: Linea albe, pubic crest
Action: flexes abdominal content |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: 1-6 costal cartilage, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Insertion: Crest of Greater tubercle of humerus; intertubercular groove; jt capsule
Action: Prime mover of arm flexion; internal or medial rotation |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior surfaces of ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: draws scapula forward and downward with ribs fixed; draws rib cage anterior |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: series of muscle slips from ribs 1-8
Insertion: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
Action: Prime mover to protract and hold scapula against chest wall; rotates scapula- inferior angle moves laterally and upward; important role in abduction and raising arm in horizontal plane |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lumbodorsal fascia; spines of T6-T12, spines of lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs, posterior iliac crest
Insertion: Floor of bottom of intertubercular groove
Action: Extends, adducts and rotates arm medially (internal rotates); draws shoulder downward and backward |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: prime mover abduction os arm; anterior fibers flex and medddially rotate humerus; posterior fibers extend and laterally (externally) rotates humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: supraspinatus fossa
Insertion: superior most part of greater tubercle of humerus
Action:abduction arm, stabilize shoulder jt, assists with preventing downward dislocation of huermus |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Infraspinatus fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates arm laterally; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral border of dorsal scapular surface
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Lateral rotator of humerus; holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Subscapulatis fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: medial rotation of humerus, helps hold humerus in glenoid cavity |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Posterior/dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: internal rot.,extend the humerus, ADductor |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion: Vertebral border, at the root of the spine
Action: Elevates and adducts scapula; similar to upper fibers of trapezius (synergist); when scapula fixed- flexes neck to same side
*scapula rotator |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5
Insertion: Vertebral/medial border of scapula below the spine
Action: Retract scapula; holds scapula to chest (stabilizer); rotates glenoid cavity down.
*scapula rotator |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1
Insertion: Vetebral/ medial border of scapula at root of spine
Action: Retract scapula; holds scapula to chest (stabilizer); rotates glenoid cavity down.
*scapula rotator |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: Medial surface of humerus shaft
Action: Flexion and adduction of the humerus; synergist of pectoralis major |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Short head- Coracoid process. Long head- Supraglenoid tuberosity
Insertion: Radial tuberosity
Action: Flexes elbow joint; supinates hand; flexor of arm at shoulder |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Long head- infraglenoid tubercle. Medial head- Posterior/lateral side humerus. Lateral head- Posterior/medial side humerus
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Prime mover forearm extension (med head). Lond head steadies head of abducted humerus |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Front of distal half of humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process of Ina and capsule of elbow joint
Action: Forearm flexion (lifts the ulna) |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge (distal end of humerus)
Insertion: Base of styloid process of radius
Action: Synergist in forearm flexion |
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Term
| Anterior Muscles (forearm) |
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Definition
-Prontator teres: pronation synergist elbow flexion
-Flexor carpi radialis: flex wrist
-Flexor carpi ulnaris: flex wrist
-Palmaris Longus: flex wrist
-Flexor digitorum superficialis: flex proximal interphalangeal joint
-Flexor pollicis longus: flex distal interphalangeal joint
-Flexor pollicis brevis: flexes thumb
-Flexor digiti minimi: flexes |
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Term
| Posterior Muscles (forearm) |
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Definition
-Extensor carpi radialis: extends and ABducts the wrist
-Extensor carpi radialis brevis: extends and ABducts the wrist
-Extensor digitorum: Prime mover of finger extension; extend wrist
-Extensor carpi ulnaris: ADducts the wrist, extend wrist
-ABductor pollicis longus: extends and ABducts the thumb
-Supinator: Assists biceps with supination of forearm
-Extensor pollicis brevis and longus: extends thumb |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Iliac fossa, iliac crest, base of sacrum
Insertion: Lesser trochanter cia iliopsoas tendon
Action: Hip flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Sides of bodies of T12, L1
Insertion: Anterior aspect of ilium
Action: Weak hip flexor |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Transverse processes, bodies, fibrocartilage of T23, L1-L5
Insertion: Lesser trochanger via iliopsoas tendon
Action: Hip flexion, lateral flexion of vertebral column |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Winds around medial aspects of knee; Pez Anserine tendon
Action: Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh |
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Term
| Quadriceps- Rectus femoris |
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Definition
Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, rim of acetabulum
Insertion: Base of patella and tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
Action: flex thigh at hip, extend leg at knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Greater trochanter, intertrochanteris line, linea aspera
Insertion: Lateral patella and tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
Action: Extends leg at knee |
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Term
| Vastus medials (oblique)- VMO |
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Definition
Origin: Intertrochanteris line, medial linea aspera
Insertion: medial patella
Action: Extends leg |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Anterior and lateral surface of proximal femur shaft
Insertion: base of patella
Action: exstends leg at knee |
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Term
| Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) |
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Definition
Origin: Anterior iliac crest; anterior superior iliac spine
Insertion: Iliotibial tract/band (ITB)
Action: Flexes and ABducts the thigh; medial rotated thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Front of pubis near symphsis
Insertion: Linea aspera
Action: ADducts thigh; synergist of flexion, medial rot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin:Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: Linea aspera above the longus
Action: ADducts thigh; assists with flexion and medial rot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Pectineal line of pubis
Insertion: Inferior to lesser trochanter (posterior aspect)
Action: ADducts; assist with flexion and lateral rot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: Medial surface below medial tibial condyle/ Pez anserine tendon
Action: ADducts; synergist of knee flexion |
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Term
| Gluteus Maximus (largest) |
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Definition
Origin: Dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial band
Action: Major extensor of thigh |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Outer ilium and crest
Insertion: Lateral aspect of greater trochanter
Action: ABducts and medially rotates the thigh |
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Term
| Gluteus Minimus (smallest) |
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Definition
Origin: Lateral surface of illium
Insertion: Anterior border of greater trochanter
Action: ABducts and medially rotates thigh |
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Term
| External Rotator of the hip |
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Definition
-Piriformis
-Superior gemellus
-Obturator internus
-Inferior gemellus
-Quadratus femoris |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity; linea aspera; distal femur
Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Action: Extends thigh and flex knee
*hamstring |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
Action: Extends thigh and flexes knee; medial rotates knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia
Action: extends thigh and flexes knee; medial rotates knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: lateral condyle and upper shaft of tibia
Insertion: Inferior surface of medial cunieform and first metatarsal bone
Action: Prime mover of dorsiflexion; inverts foot |
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Term
| Extensor digitorum longus |
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Definition
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; interosseous membrane
Insertion: 2nd and 3rd phalanges of toes 2-5 via extensor expansion
Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Head and upper portion of fibula
Insertion: tendon runs behind lateral malleolus, curves under foot inseritng on 1st metatarsal and medial cunieform
Action: planterflexion and eversion |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: medial and lateral condyles of femur
Insertion: calcaneus via calcanial tendon
Action: plantarflexes foot and flexes knee |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: Superior tibia and fibula; interosseous membrane
Insertion: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Action: Plantar flexes foot; impt postural muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: posterior tibia
Insertion: distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action: Plantar flex and invert foot |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: superior tibia and fibula and interosseus membrane
Insertion: several tarsals, metatarsals 2-4
Action: inversion of fott plantarflexion |
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Term
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Definition
Origin: inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, lower part of interosseous membrane
Insertion: Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action: Flexes great toe, helps to supinate ankle, and is a very weak plantar flexor of ankle |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 1) |
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Definition
| Impulse- calcium release at NMJ |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 2) |
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Definition
| Calcium stimulates Ach release |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 3) |
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Definition
| Ach binds at the postsynaptic juntion causing sodium channels to open |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 4) |
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Definition
| Sodium in, potassuim out. the sarcolema becomes more positive |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 5) |
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Definition
| If threshold value then an AP along sarculema equals depolarization |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 6) |
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Definition
| (with deporlarization) impulse to T-tubules triggers calcium release to SR |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 7) |
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Definition
| Tropolin changes shape and tropomysin moves off of cross-bridge cite of actin |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 8) |
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Definition
| ATP hydrolyses at myosin head, cocks head and forms bridge |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 9) |
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Definition
| ADP released activated myosin head piviots, actin moves towards the center of sarcomere resulting in power stroke |
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Term
| Muscle Contracion (step 10) |
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Definition
| ATP binds to myosin head releasing cross-bridge, recocking myosin head and recross-bridges with actin |
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