-only in heart

-striated, branched

-intercalated discs

-involuntary

-walls of hallow organs

-no striations, involuntary

-single nucleus

-striated, multinucleate

-voluntary

-organ of muscular system

-connective tissue separates the layers

surrounds entire muscle

combines to form tendons and attaches mucle to muscles and bones

-covered by a plasma membrane(sarcolemma)

-contains myofibrils to contract

rodlike structures, 80% of cell volume

made of sarcomeres

functional unit of muscle cell

composed of contractile proteins actin(thin) and myosin(thick)

-smooth ER

-surrounds each myofibril

initiates action potential in musle fiber,

travels through T tubule,

activates sarcoplasmic reticulum

A motor neuron and all muscle fibers it supplies

small motor unit- small movement

large motor unit- large muscles

-muscles of facial expressions

-muscles of mastication and tongue movement

-insert into the skin

-facial nerve, causes movement of face

-express emotions

1. Risorius- pulls corners of mouth

2. Mentalis- mandibular synthesis

3. Nasalis- maxia/nasal..nostril flare

4. Zygomaticus- major&minor

5. Lip movements

1. Orbiclaris oculi- around the eye

2. orbicularis oris- around the mouth

mastication= chewing (trigemnal nerve)

-hypoglossal nerve

1. hyoglossus- from hyiod bone

2. styloglossus- from styloid process of temporal bone

3. genioglossus- from mandibular symphysis

Most anterior neck muscle

2 groups:

1. suprahyoid-swallowing, floor of oral cavity

2. infrahyoid-swallowing and speech

Sternocleidomastoid- origin: the sternum

mastoid process, major head flexor

1. Ilocostalis- most lateral group

2. longissimus-intermediate group

3. spinalis- medial muscle group

Diaphragm- major breathing muscle between thoracic and abdominalpelvic cavities

external intercostals-inspirtations

internal intercostals-forced expiration

pectoralis minor- coracoid process of scalpula

serratus anterior- sawtooth originated on ribs

subclavis- innervates into clavicle

Trapezius- most superficial back muscle, large trapazoid shape

Levator scapulae- elevates scalpula

Rhomboids- media border of scalpula

1. external obliques-runs at an angle

2. internal obliques-opposite angle of external

3.transversus abdominis-deepest

4. rectus abdominis- flexes vertical column

1. Pectoralis major- superficial chest muscl, arm flexion, greater tubercle of humerus

2. Latissimus dorsi- covers lower back and arm extension

3. Deltoid- deltoid tuberosity and arm abduction

1. Supraspinatus

2. Infraspinatus

3. Teres minor

4. Subscapularis

-reinforce capsule of the shoulder

Biceps bbrachii- two heads, superficial

Brachialis- deeper

Brachioradialis- inst. into radius

1. Carpi radialis- lateral wrist flexor

2.Carpi ulnaris- medial wrist flexor

3. Palmaris longus

4. Flexor digitorum muscles- finger flexor

5. Pollicis longus- thumb flexor

1. Carpi radials- lateral wrist extension

2. Carpi ulnaris- medial wrist extension

3. Digitorum- finger extension

4. Indicis- index finger

5. Pollicis- thumb extensor

6. Abductor pollicis longus- thumb abductor

-small and weak muscles

-lie entirely within the palm of your hand

-control precise movements of the metacarpals and fingers

Thenar eminence

(ball of thumb)

-contains muscles that move the thumb

*abduction             *extension

*adduction         *flexion

*opposition                     

Hypothenar eminence

(ball of the little finger)

contains musles for little finger movements

digiti minimi = little finger

Anterior muscles flex hip and extend the knee

Posterior muscles extend thigh and flex the leg

Medial muscles adduct the thigh

on the anterior part of the leg (thigh)

gracilis- superficial muscle of medial thigh

pass in front of the hip joint

iliopsoas=prim mover of flexion

sartorius=strap like muscle that flexes/rotates leg

Hamstings- prim mover of extension

1. biceps femoris

2. semiendinosus

3. semimmranosus

gluteus maximus= prime mover during forceful extension

-gluteal muscles

-maximus-prime mover

-medius

-minimus

- quadriceps femoris- sole extensor of knee

-rectus femoris

-vastus medialis

-vastus lateralis

-vastus intermedius

main flexor of the knee

-biceps femoris

-semitendinosis

-semimembranosis

Ankle- dorsiflexion & plantar flexion,

 inversion & eversion of the foot

Toes- flexion & extension

-Primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors

-Tibial anterior- main dorsiflexor

-extensor digitorum longus

-extensor hallucis longus

eversion of the foot

&

fibularis mucles

- Plantar Flexion

- Gastrocnemius = calf muscle

- Soleus = deep to gastrocnemius

-Flexors of the toes

-Tibialis posterior

-flexor digitorum longus

-flexor hallucis longus

-Help flex, extend, abduct, and adduct the toes

-support arches of the foot along with some leg tendons