Biceps Brachii

Origin:Long Head: Supraglenoid Tubercle

Short Head: Coracoid Process of Scapulae

Insertion: Radial Tuberosity of Radius, and Bicipital Aponeurosis

Action: Flexes Forearm @ elbow joint, Supinates forearm @ Radioulnar joints, and Flexes arm @ shoulder joint.

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

1. Rectus abdominis
2.  External oblique
3. Internal oblique
4. Transverse abdominis
5. Quadratus lumborum

Origin: Pubic crest and pubic Symphysis

Insertion: Cartilage of fifth to seventh ribs and xiphoid process

Action: Flexes vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and compresses abdomen to aid in pee/poop/forced exhalation, and child birth Innervation: Thoracic Spinal Nerves T7-T12

Origin: Inferior eight ribs

Insertion: Iliac crest and linea alba

Action: Acting together (bilaterally) compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting Singley (unilaterally), laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column.

Innervation: Thoracic Spinal Nerves T7-T12 iliohypogastric nerve

Origin: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Cartilage of last three or four ribs and linea alba

Action: Acting together (bilaterally) compress abdomen and flex vertebral column; acting Singley (unilaterally), laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion, and rotate vertebral column.

Innervation: Thoracic Spinal Nerves T8-T12 iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve.

Origin: Iliac crest, inguinal lligament, lumbar fascia, and cartilages of inferior six ribs.

Insertion: Xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis Action: Compresses abdomen

Innervation: Thoracic Spinal Nerves T8-T12 iliohypogastric nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve.

Origin: Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

Insertion: Inferior border of twelfth rib and first four lumbar vertebrae. 

Action: Acting together, pull 12th ribs inferiorly during forced exhalation, fix 12th ribs to prevent their elevation during deep inhalation and help extend lumbar portion of vertebral column; acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column, especially lumbar portion.

Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerve T12 and lumbar spinal nerves L1-L3 or L1-L4

Origin: Xiphoid process of the sternum, costal cartilages and adjacent portions of the inferior 6 ribs, lumbar vertebrae and their Intervertebral discs, and the 12th rib.

Insertion: Central tendon

Action: Contraction of the diaphragm causes it to flatten and increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation causes it to move superiorly and decreases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity, resulting in exhalation.

Innervation: Phrenic nerve, which contains axons from cervical spinal nerves (C3-C5)

Origin: Inferior border of rib above

Insertion: Superior border of rib below

Action: Contraction elevates the ribs and increases the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity, resulting in inhalation; relaxation depresses the ribs and decreases the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the thoracic cavity resulting in exhalation.

Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves T2-T12

Origin: Superior border of rib below

Insertion: Inferior border of rib above

Action: Contraction draws adjacent ribs together to further decrease the dimensions of the thoracic cavity during forced exhalation.

Innervation: Thoracic Spinal nerves T2-T12

Origin: Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processos of 7th cervical vertebra and first 3 or 4 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

Action: Acting together (bilaterally), extend head; acting singly (unilaterally) flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle.

Innervation: Middle cervical spinal nerves

Origin: Spinous processes of 3-6th thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Transverse processes of first two or four cervical vertebrae.

Action: Acting together, extend head; acting singly, laterally flex and rotate head to same side as contracting muscle.

Innervation: Inferior cervical spinal nerves.

1. iliocostalis muscles (lateral)
2. longissimus muscles (intermediate)
3. spinalis muscles (medial).

Origin: Superior 6 ribs

Insertion: Transverse processes of 4th-6th cervical vertebrae.

Action: Acting together, muscles of (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column of their respective regions, acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions.

Innervation: Cervical and Thoracic spinal nerves

Origin: Inferior 6 ribs

Insertion: Superior 6 ribs

Action: Acting together, muscles of (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column of their respective regions, acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions.

Innervation: Thoracic Spinal nerves

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertion: Inferior six ribs

Action: Acting together, muscles of (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column of their respective regions, acting singly, laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions.

Innervation: Lumbar spinal nerves

1. Longissimus capitis
2. Longissimus cervicis
3. Longissimus thoracis

Origin: Transverse process of superior 4 thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of inferior 4 cervical vertebrae.

Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone. Action: Acting together, both logissiumus capitis muscles extend head; acting singly, rotate head to same side as contracting muscle.

Innervation: Middle and inferior cervical spinal nerves

Origin: Transverse processes of 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Transverse processes of 2nd to 6th cervical vertebrae

Action: Acting together, logissmus cervicis and both longissimus thoracic muscles extend vertebral column of their respective regions; acting singly laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions.

Innervation: Cervical and superior thoracic, spinal nerves

Origin: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Transverse processes of all thoracic and superior lumbar vertebrae and 9th and 10th ribs Action: Acting together, logissmus cervicis and both longissimus thoracic muscles extend vertebral column of their respective regions; acting singly laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions.

Innervation: Thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

1. Spinalis capitis
2. Spinalis cervicis
3. Spinalis thoracis

Origin: Arises with semispinalis capitis

Insertion: Occipital bone

Action: Acting together, muscles of each region (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend vertebral column of their respective regions.

Innervation: Cervical and superior thoracic spinal nerve

Origin: Ligamentum Nuchae and spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra

Insertion: Spinous process of axis

Action: Acting together, muscles of each region (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend vertebral column of their respective regions.

Innervation: Inferior cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Origin: Spinous processes of superior lumbar and inferior thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae

Action: Acting together, muscles of each region (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar) extend vertebral column of their respective regions.

Innervation: Thoracic spinal nerves

Muscles that move the Head

1. Sternocleidomastoid
2. Semispinalis capitis
3. Splenius capitis
4. Longissiumus capitis

Sternocleoidomastoid

Origin: Sternum and Clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone

Action: Acting together (bilaterally) flex cervical portion of vertebral column, flexhead, and elevate sternum during forced inhalation; acting sinlgly (unilaterally) exgtend and rotate head to side opposite contracting muscle (contralateral)

Innervation: Accessory XI Nerve