Biceps Brachii

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• long head - supraglenoid tubercle
• short head - coracoid process
• Insertion:
• posterior part of the radial tuberosity
• Action:
• strong elbow flexor 
• weak shoulder flexor 
• strong supinator
• when elbow is flexed
• Nerve Supply:musculocutaneous

Brachialis

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• anterior humerus at the lower half
• Insertion:
• coronoid process of ulna
• Action:
• strong elbow flexor
• Nerve Supply:
• musculocutaneous

Triceps Brachii

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• origin:
• long head - infraglenoid tubercle
• medial head - posterior humerus inferior to the radial groove
• lateral head - posterior part of the humerus below the greater tubercle
• insertion: 
• olecranon of the ulna
• action:
• strong elbow extensor 
• long head is a weak shoulder extensor and adductor.
• nerve supply: 
• radial

Pronator Teres

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• medial epicondyle of the humerus
• coronoid process of the ulna
• Insertion:
• lateral part radius mid shaft
• Action:
• strong pronator 
• weak elbow flexor
• Nerve Supply:
• median

Pronator quadratus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• distal quarter of the anterior ulnar shaft
• Insertion:
• distal quarter of the anterior radius
• Action:
• strong pronator
• keeps radius and ulna together
• Nerve Supply:
• median

Supinator

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• lateral epicondyle of the humerus
• lateral part of the olecranon process of the ulna
• Insertion:
• upper 1/3 of the lateral radius
• Action:
• strong supinator
• Nerve Supply: 
• deep branch of the radial (posterior interosseus)

Flexor Carpi Radialis

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• medial epicondyle of the humerous
• Insertion:
• base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
• Action:
• strong wrist flexor
• abducts wrist
• weak elbow flexor
• Nerve Supply:
• median

flexor carpi ulnaris

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• medial epicondyle of the humerus
• olecranon process of the ulna
• Insertion:
• pisiform
• hamate
• base of the 5th metacarpal
• Action:
• strong wrist flexor 
• adducts wrist
• weak elbow flexor
• stabilises the wrist during finger extension
• Nerve Supply:

Extensor carpi radialis longus 

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
• Insertion:
• base of the 2nd metacarpal
• Action:
• strong wrist extensor 
• abducts wrist
• Nerve Supply:
• radial

extensor carpi ulnaris

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• lateral epicondyle of the humerus
• posterior surface of the ulna
• Insertion:
• base of the 5th metacarpal
• Action:
• strong wrist extensor
• adducts wrist
• Nerve Supply:
• deep branch of the radial

musculocutaneous nerve

• muscles innervated:
• arises from:

• muscles innervated:
• anterior arm muscles
• coracobrachialis
• biceps brachii
• Brachialis
• arises from:
• C5, C6
• tracks through the coracobrachialis

Median Nerve

• muscles innervated:
• arises from:

• muscles innervated:
• most anterior forearm muscles
• pronator teres
• pronator quadratus
• Flexor carpi radialis
• arises from:
• C5-T1
• runs down the middle fo the arm anteriorly under biceps brachii and through the carpal tunnel at the wrist

Radial nerve

• muscles innervated:
• arises from:

• muscles innervated:
• triceps brachii
• lateral part of the brachialis
• Extensor carpi radialis longus
• extensor carpi ulnaris
• supinator
• arises from:
• C5-C8
• posterior to axillary artery tracks in the spiral groove of the humerus and enters the forearm near the lateral epicondyle

Auxillary nerve

• muscles innervated:

• muscles innervated:
• deltoid
• teres major
• crosses posterior and inferior to the shoulder capsule

Ulnar Nerve

• muscles innervated:
• arises from:

• muscles innervated:
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
• arises from:
• C8-T1
• runs medially down the arm and by the medial epicondyle creating the funny bone.

innervates the neck and anterior chest wall

• trapezius
• levator scapulae
• rhomboids

innervates the anterior chest and axilla

• Pectoralis major and minor
• Teres Major 
• Serratus Anterior 
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Deltoid
• Rotator Cuff
• Subclavius

innervates the arm

• biceps brachii
• triceps brachii
• brachialis
• coracobrachialis

Radial Artery

innervates the wrist extensor muscles

• supinator

Ulnar artery

innervates the wrist flexor muscles

• pronator teres
• pronator quadratus

• Cephalic - Lateral
• Basilic - medial
• connected by the median cubital vein
• median antebrachial vein

Subclavius

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• costal cartilage of rib 1
• Insertion:
• middle 1/3 of the inferior surface of the clavicle
• Action:
• stabilises and depresses the pectoral girdle
• Nerve Supply:
• subclavius

Pectoralis minor

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• anterior surface of ribs 3-5
• Insertion:
• coracoid process of the scapula
• Action:
• medially rotates the scapula
• scapula protraction and depression - when ribs are fixed
• elevates ribs (helps inspiration) - when clavicle is fixed
• Nerve Supply:
• pectoral nerve

Serratus Anterior

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• finger-like attachments to ribs 1-8 on the anterolateral side
• Insertion:
• anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
• Action:
• protraction
• depression 
• lateral rotation of the scapula
• stabilises scapula
• Nerve Supply:
• thoracic

Trapezius

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• external occipital protuberance
• ligamentum nuchae
• spinous processes of C7-T12
• Insertion:
• posterior border of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
• medial border of the acromium
• upper border of the scapula spine (upper 1/3)
• Action:
• stabilises scapula for upper limb movements
• upper - elevation
• middle - retraction 
• lower - depression
• laterally rotates the scapula
• Nerve Supply:
• accessory nerve

Levator Scapulae

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• transverse processes of C1-C4
• Insertion:
• medial border of the scapula superior to it's spine
• Action:
• stabilises scapula
• elevation 
• medial rotation
• resists downward movement with heavy loads
• Nerve Supply:
• scapular nerve

Rhomboids

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:

• Origin:
• spinous processes of C7-T5
• Insertion:
• medial border of the scapula between the spine and inferior angle
• Action:
• retract scapula
• medially rotate scapula
• important stabiliser 

Latissimus Dorsi

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• indirectly onto spines of T6-L3
• lower 3 ribs
• inferior angle of the scapula
• Insertion:
• lower 1/2 of the bicipital groove
• intertubercular sulcus
• Action:
• strong shoulder extensor
• strong adductor
• strong medial rotator of the shoulder
• retracts pectoral girdle when arm is fixed
• Nerve Supply:
• thoracodorsal

Pectoralis major

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• medial 1/2 anterior clavicle
• anterior surface of the sternum
• upper 6 costal cartilage
• Insertion:
• lateral edge of the lower half of the bicipital groove
• Action:
• strong shoulder flexion
• strong adductor
• strong medial rotator of the shoulder
• Nerve Supply:
• pectoral

Deltoid

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• lateral 1/3 of anterior clavicle
• lower edge of the scapular spine
• acromion
• Insertion:
• deltoid tuberosity on the lateral humerus
• Action:
• middle fibres - strong abductor
• anterior fibres - aid flexion and medial rotation
• posterior - aid extension and lateral rotation
• Nerve Supply
• axillary

Teres Major

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula on posterior surface
• Insertion:
• medial border of the bicipital groove of the humerus
• Action:
• adductor
• extensor 
• medial rotator
• Nerve Supply:
• subscapular

Coracobrachialis

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• coracoid process
• Insertion:
• medial side of the shaft of the humerus at the midpoint
• Action:
• adductor
• weak shoulder flexor
• Nerve Supply:
• musculocutaneous

Rotator Cuff Muscle:

Supraspinatus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• supraspinous fossa
• Insertion:
• greater tubercle
• Action:
• starts abduction for Deltoid
• holds humerus head in glenoid fossa
• Nerve Supply:
• suprascapular

Rotator Cuff Muscle

Infraspinatus:

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• infraspinous fossa
• Insertion:
• greater tubercle
• Action:
• lateral rotation of the arm
• facilitates abduction
• Nerve Supply:
• suprascapular

Rotator Cuff muscle:

Teres Minor

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• posterior upper half of the medial border of the scapula
• Insertion:
• greater tubercle
• Action:
• lateral rotation of the arm
• facilitates abduction
• Nerve Supply:
• axillary

Rotator Cuff Muscle:

Subscapularis

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• anterior surface of the scapula
• Insertion:
• lesser tubercle of the humerus
• Action:
• medial rotation
• controls downward displacement of the humerus when carrying heavy objects
• Nerve Supply:
• subscapular

Iliopsoas

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• Psoas: transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5
• Iliacus: upper 2/3 iliac fossa and crest
• ala of sacrum
• Insertion:
• lesser trochanter of the femur
• Action:
• strong hip flexor
• flexes trunk if the legs are fixed.
• psoas: aids lateral flexion of vertebral column
• Nerve supply:
• psoas: ventral rami
• iliacus: femoral

Rectus Femoris

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
• superior part of acetabulum
• Insertion:
• tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
• Action:
• hip flexor
• extends knee
• Nerve supply:
• femoral

Sartorius

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
• Insertion:
• medial side of the tibia - medial to the tibial tuberosity
• Action:
• flexes hip
• abducts hip
• laterally rotates hip
• flexes knee joint
• Nerve supply:
• femoral

Tensor Fascia Lata

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• anterior iliac crest and ASIS
• Insertion:
• iliotibial tract - anterior lateral tibia below condyle - Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
• Action:
• hip flexor
• abductor of hip
• medial rotator of hip
• extends the knee
• Nerve supply:
• Gluteal

Gluteus Maximus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• posterior part of the ileum
• lateral sacrum
• coccyx processes
• Insertion:
• gluteal tuberosity of femur 
• iliotibial tract 
• Action:
• strong hip extensor
• lateral rotator of the hip
• upper fibres aid abduction of hip
• Nerve supply:
• Gluteal

Gluteus medius

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• posterior ileum between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
• Insertion:
• lateral part ofthe greater trochanter
• Action:
• strong abductor of hip
• medial rotator of hip
• Nerve supply:
• gluteal

Gluteus Minimus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• posterior ileum between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
• Insertion:
• anterior part of the greater trochanter
• Action:
• strong abductor of hip joint 
• medial rotator
• Nerve supply:
• Gluteal

Hamstrings:

Semitendinosus (ST)

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• medial ischial tuberosity
• Insertion:
• medial part of the tibial shaft
• Action:
• extends hip
• flexes knee
• medially rotates leg if knee is flexed
• Nerve supply:
• sciatic

Hamstrings:

Semimembranosus (SM)

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• lateral ischial tuberosity
• Insertion:
• medial condyle of the tibia
• Action:
• extends hip 
• flexes knee
• medially rotates leg if the knee is flexed
• Nerve supply:
• sciatic

Hamstrings:

Biceps Femoris

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• long head - medial ischial tuberosity
• short head - linea aspera 
• lateral supracondylar line of the femur
• Insertion:
• head of the fibula 
• lateral condyle of the tibia
• Action:
• extends hip 
• flexes knee
• laterally rotates leg if knee is flexed
• Nerve supply:
• sciatic
• short head - also common peroneal/fibula nerve

Adductor Magnus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• Ischial and pubic rami
• Ischial tuberosity
• (anterior)
• Insertion:
• linea aspera 
• adductor tubercle of the femur
• Action:
• strong adductor of hip
• posterior fibres extend hip
• medial rotator?
• Nerve supply:
• Obturator
• Sciatic

Adductor Longus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• Pubis near symphysis pubis
• Insertion:
• linea aspera of femur
• Action:
• strong adductor
• flexes hip if extended
• medially rotates hip?
• Nerve supply:
• obturator

Adductor Brevis

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve supply:

• Origin:
• body and inferior ramus of pubis
• Insertion:
• linea aspera (above longus)
• Action:
• adductor
• Nerve supply:
• Obturator

Pectineus

• Action:

• Action:
• adductor of hip
• flexes hip
• medially rotates hip?

Gracilis

• Action:

• Action:
• adductor of hip joint
• flexes knee 
• medially rotates knee

Gastrocnemius

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• medial and lateral condyles of the femur
• Insertion:
• posterior calcaneous via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
• Action:
• strong plantar flexor
• flexes the knee
• Nerve Supply:
• tibial

Soleus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• posterior upper 1/3 fibula
• soleal line of the tibia
• interosseous membrane
• Insertion:
• posterior calcaneous via calcaneal tendon
• Action:
• strong plantar flexor
• Nerve Supply:
• tibial 

Tibialis posterior

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• upper 1/2 of posterior tibia, fibula and interosseus membrane
• tendon tracks posterior to medial malleolus and under the arch
• Insertion:
• tarsals (navicular and 1st cuneiform on medial and plantar surface)
• base of metatarsals 2-4
• Action:
• inverts foot
• plantarflexes ankle
• Nerve Supply:
• tibial

Hallicus

Flexor digitorum longus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• middle 1/3 of posterior tibia
• Tendon tracks behind medial malleolus and sustentaculum tali and along the plantar surface of the foot
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

Flexor Hallicus Longus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• middle half of the posterior fibula and interosseus membrane
• Insertion:
• plantar surface of the 1st distal phalanx
• Action:
• inverts foot
• plantarflexes ankle
• flexes big toe
• Nerve Supply:
• tibial

Peroneus/Fibularis Longus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• head and upper 2/3 of the shaft of the lateral part of the fibula. 
• Insertion:
• plantar surface of the base of the first metatarsal and the first cuniform.
• Action:
• plantar flexor 
• everter
• Nerve Supply:
• superficial peroneal

peroneus/fibularis brevis

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• distal 2/3 shaft of the lateral fibula
• Insertion:
• lateral side of the base of the 5th metatarsal
• Action:
• plantarflexor
• everter
• Nerve Supply:
• superficial peroneal

Tibialis Anterior

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of the tibial shaft
• interosseus membrane
• Insertion:
• medial surface of the first cuneiform
• base of the first metatarsal (medial)
• Action:
• inversion
• dorsiflexion
• Nerve Supply:
• deep peroneal

Extensor Digitorum Longus

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• lateral condyle of the tibia
• proximal 3/4 of the fibula
• interosseus membrane
• Insertion:
• base of the middle and distal phalanges (2-5)
• Action:
• toe extension
• dorsiflexion
• Nerve Supply:
• deep peroneal

Extensor hallicus longus 

• Origin:
• Insertion:
• Action:
• Nerve Supply:

• Origin:
• anteromedial shaft of the fibula (middle half)
• interosseus membrane
• Insertion:
• distal big toe
• Action:
• extension of the big toe
• dorsiflexion
• Nerve Supply:
• deep peroneal

• Anterior nerves -> obturator foramen
• Posterior nerves -> greater sciatic foramen
• Gluteal nerves 

Innervates anterior thigh muscles

• iliacus
• sartorius
• rectus femoris
• pectineus

tracks under the inguinal ligament

innervates medial thigh muscles

• adductors
• Magnus
• Longus
• Brevis
• Gracilis

Sciatic nerve

posterior thigh muscles

• hamstrings
• posterior adductor magnus

innervates posterior leg muscles

• plantarflexors
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
• Flexor hallicus Longus
• Flexor digitorum Longus
• tibialis posterior

sciatic nerve divides at the popliteal fossa

innervates the anterior leg muscles

• dorsiflexors
• tibialis anterior
• extensor digitorum longus
• extensor hallicus longus

innervates lateral leg muscles

• evertors
• peroneus longus 
• peroneus brevis

anterior pelvis

• iliopsoas

• gluteus maximus
• gluteus minimus
• gluteus medius
• tensor fascia lata
• biceps femoris (long head)

medial thigh

• adductor magnus
• adductor longus
• adductor brevis
• pectineus
• gracilis

anterior and posterior thigh muscles

• rectus femoris
• sartorius
• biceps femoris
• semimembranosis
• semitendinosus

• gastroccnemius
• biceps femoris (short head)

anterior leg

• tibialis anterior 
• extensor digitorum longus
• extensor hallicus longus

posterior leg

• tibialis posterior 
• flexor digitorum longus
• flexor hallicus longus
• soleus

lateral leg

• peroneal longus
• peroneal brevis