Term
| ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (hand) |
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Definition
ORIGIN
Pisiform bone, pisohamate ligament and flexor retinaculum
INSERTION
Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger and extensor expansion
ACTION
Abducts little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Tubercle of scaphoid & flexor retinaculum
INSERTION
Radial sesamoid of proximal phalanx of thumb & tendon of extensor pollicis longus
ACTION
Abducts thumb at metacarpophalangeal & carpometacarpal joints
NERVE
Recurrent (muscular) branch of median nerve(C8, T1) occasionally by ulnar nerve |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Upper posterior surface of ulna and middle third of posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane between
INSERTION
Over tendons of radial extensors and brachioradialis to base of 1st metacarpal and trapezium
ACTION
Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C6, 7) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Oblique head: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, trapezoid and capitate. Transverse head: palmar border and shaft of 3rd metacarpal
INSERTION
Ulnar sesamoid then ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx and tendon of extensor pollicis longus
ACTION
Adducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb
NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Smooth surface at lower extremity of posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION
Lateral side of olecranon
ACTION
Weak extensor of elbow. Moves (abducts) ulna in pronation
NERVE
Radial nerve (C7, 8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Deep distal surface of medial head of triceps
INSERTION
Posterior capsule of elbow joint
ACTION
Lifts capsule away from joint
NERVE
Radial (C6, 7 , 8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Long head:supraglenoid tubercle of scapula. Short head: coracoid process of scapula with coracobrachialis
INSERTION
posterior border of bicipital tuberosity of radius (over bursa) and bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia and subcutaneous ulna
ACTION
Supinates forearm, flexes elbow, weakly flexes shoulder
NERVE
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6) (from lateral cord) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Anterior lower half of humerus and medial and lateral intermuscular septa
INSERTION
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
ACTION
Flexes elbow
NERVE
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6) ( from lateral cord). Also small supply from radial nerve (C7) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Upper two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum
INSERTION
Base of styloid process of radius
ACTION
Flexes arm at elbow and brings forearm into midprone position
NERVE
Radial nerve (C5, 6) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Coracoid process of scapula with biceps brachii
INSERTION
Upper half medial border of humerus
ACTION
Flexes and weakly adducts arm
NERVE
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6, 7) (from lateral cord) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle
INSERTION
Middle of lateral surface of humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
ACTION
Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate
NERVE
Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord) |
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Term
| EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS |
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Definition
ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION
Posterior base of 3rd metacarpal
ACTION
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8) |
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Term
| EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS |
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Definition
ORIGIN
Lower third of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and lateral intermuscular septum
INSERTION
Posterior base of 2nd metacarpal
ACTION
Extends and abducts hand at wrist
NERVE
Radial nerve (C6, 7) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION
Base of 5th metacarpal via groove by ulnar styloid
ACTION
Extends and adducts hand at wrist
NERVE
Posterior interosseous |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION
Extensor expansion of little finger-usually two tendons which are joined by a slip from extensor digitorum at metacarpophalangeal joint
ACTION
Extends all joints of little finger
NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Common extensor origin on anterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION
External expansion to middle and distal phalanges by four tendons. Tendons 3 and 4 usually fuse and little finger just receives a slip
ACTION
Extends all joints of fingers
NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Lower posterior shaft of ulna (below extensor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane
INSERTION
Extensor expansion of index finger (tendon lies on ulnar side of extensor digitorum tendon)
ACTION
Extends all joints of index finger
NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Lower third of posterior shaft of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
INSERTION
Over tendons of radial extensors and brachioradialis to base of proximal phalanx of thumb
ACTION
Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Middle third of posterior ulna (below abductor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane
INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of thumb via Lister's tubercle (dorsal tubercle of radius).
ACTION
Extends interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 , 8 ) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Common flexor origin of medial epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION
Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals via groove in trapezium and slip to scaphoid
ACTION
Flexes and abducts wrist
NERVE
Median nerve (C6, 7) (from medial and lateral cords) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle. Ulnar head: aponeurosis from medial olecranon and upper three quarters subcutaneous border of ulna
INSERTION
Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal via pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligaments
ACTION
Flexes and adducts wrist. Fixes pisiform during action of hypothenar muscles
NERVE
Ulnar nerve (C8, T1) (with some C7 by communication from lateral cord) |
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Term
| FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS (hand) |
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Definition
ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
INSERTION
Ulnar side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
ACTION
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of little finger
NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) |
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Term
| FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS |
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Definition
ORIGIN
Medial olecranon, upper three quarters of anterior and medial surface of ulna as far round as subcutaneous border and narrow strip of interosseous membrane
INSERTION
Distal phalanges of medial four fingers. Tendon to index finger separates early
ACTION
Flexes distal interphalangeal joints, then secondarily flexes proximal interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist
NERVE
Median nerve (anterior interosseous) (C6, 7) / ulnar nerve (C7, 8) |
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Term
| FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS |
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Definition
ORIGIN
Humeral head: common flexor origin of medial epicondyle humerus, medial ligament of elbow. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process and fibrous arch. Radial head: whole length of anterior oblique line
INSERTION
Tendons split to insert onto sides of middle phalanges of medial four fingers
ACTION
Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and secondarily metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist
NERVE
Median nerve (C7, 8) (from medial and lateral cords) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
INSERTION
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb (via radial sesamoid)
ACTION
Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
NERVE
Recurrent (muscular) branch of median nerve (C8, T1) (may also be from deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1)) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Anterior surface of radius below anterior oblique line and adjacent interosseous membrane
INSERTION
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
ACTION
Flexes distal phalanx of thumb
NERVE
Anterior interosseous nerve (C7, 8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula and fibrous intermuscular septa
INSERTION
Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6 ) (from upper trunk) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Bipennate from inner aspects of shafts of all metacarpals
INSERTION
Proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansion on radial side of index and middle fingers and ulnar side of middle and ring fingers
ACTION
Abduct from axis of middle finger. Flex metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints
NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Anteriorshafts of 1, 2, 4, 5 metacarpals (unipennate)
INSERTION
Proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansion on ulnar side of index and radial side of ring and little fingers and to ulnar sesamoid of thumb
ACTION
Adduct to axis of middle finger. Flex metacarpophalangeal joint while extending interphalangeal joints
NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Spine T7, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of all lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lumbar fascia, posterior third iliac crest, last four ribs (interdigitating with external oblique abdominis) and inferior angle of scapula
INSERTION
Floor of bicipital groove of humerus after spiraling around teres major
ACTION
Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Costal attachment helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration
NERVE
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8) (from posterior cord) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus. Radial 2: radial side only (unipennate). Ulnar 2: cleft between tendons ( bipennate)
INSERTION
Extensor expansion (dorsum of proximal phalanx ) of fingers 2-5 radial side
ACTION
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints of fingers
NERVE
Lateral 2: median nerve (C8, T1). medial 2: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) |
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Term
| OPPONEN DIGITI MINIMI HAND |
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Definition
ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
INSERTION
Ulnar border of shaft of 5th metacarpal
ACTION
Opposes (flexes and laterally rotates) carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of little finger
NERVE
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium
INSERTION
Whole of radial border of 1st metacarpal
ACTION
Opposes (medially rotates and flexes ) carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of thumb
NERVE
Recurrent (muscular) branch of median nerve (C8,T1) (may also be from deep branch of ulnar nerve (T1)) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
INSERTION
Skin of palm into dermis
ACTION
Steadies and corrugates skin of palm to help with grip
NERVE
Superficial branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Common flexor origin of medial epicondyle of humerus
INSERTION
Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
ACTION
Flexes wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis
NERVE
Median nerve (C7, 8) (from medial and lateral cords) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Clavicular head-medial half clavicle. Sternocostal head-lateral manubrium and sternum, six upper costal cartilages and external oblique aponeurosis
INSERTION
Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus and anterior lip of deltoid tuberosity
ACTION
Clavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration
NERVE
Medial pectoral nerve (from medial cord) and lateral pectoral nerve (from lateral cord) (C6, 7, 8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
3, 4, 5 ribs
INSERTION
Medial and upper surface of coracoid process of scapula
ACTION
Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus anterior)
NERVE
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) (from medial cord) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Lower quarter of anteromedial shaft of ulna
INSERTION
Lower quarter of anterolateral shaft of radius and some interosseous membrane
ACTION
Pronates forearm and maintains ulna and radius opposed
NERVE
Anterior interosseous nerve (C8) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Humeral head: medial epicondyle, medial supracondylar ridge and medial intermuscular septum. Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process
INSERTION
Just posterior to most prominent part of lateral convexity of radius
ACTION
Pronates forearm and flexes elbow
NERVE
Median nerve (C6,7) (from lateral and medial cords) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Upper eight ribs and anterior intercostal membranes from midclavicular line. Lower four interdigitating with external oblique
INSERTION
Inner medial border scapula. 1 and 2: upper angle; 3 and 4: length of costal surface ; 5-8: inferior angle
ACTION
Laterally rotates and protracts scapula
NERVE
Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7) (from roots) slips from ribs 1 and 2: C5; 3 and 4: C6; 5-8: C7) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Medial two thirds of subscapular fossa
INSERTION
Lesser tuberosity of humerus, upper medial lip of bicipital groove, capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6) (from posterior cord) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Deep part (horizontal):supinator crest and fossa of ulna. Superficial part (downwards): lateral epicondyle and lateral ligament of elbow and annular ligament
INSERTION
Neck and shaft of radius, between anterior and posterior oblique lines
ACTION
Supinates forearm. Only acts alone when elbow extended
NERVE
Posterior interosseous nerve (C5, 6) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Medial three quarters of supraspinous fossa of scapula, upper surface of spine (bipennate)
INSERTION
Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)(from upper trunk) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Oval area (lower third) of lateral side of inferior angle of scapula below teres minor
INSERTION
Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
ACTION
Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Lower subscapular nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Middle third lateral border of scapula above teres major
INSERTION
Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus (below infraspinatus) and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord) |
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Term
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Definition
ORIGIN
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula. lateral head: upper half posterior humerus (linear origin). medial head: lies deep on lower half posterior humerus inferomedial to spiral groove and both intermuscular septa
INSERTION
Posterior part of upper surface of olecranon process of ulna and posterior capsule
ACTION
Extends elbow. Long head stabilizes shoulder joint. medial head retracts capsule of elbow joint on extension
NERVE
Radial nerve (C7, 8) (from posterior cord ), four branches |
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