Term
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Pectoralis Major
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Definition
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Pectoralis Major
Proximal Attachment: Cartilages of ribs 2-6, body of sternum (sternal head), and inferior, medial portion of clavicle (clavicular head).
Distal attachment: Crest of greater tubercle, lateral lip of intertubercular groove on humerus.
Action: Flexes, adducts and medially rotates humerus. |
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Term
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Lattisimus Dorsi |
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Definition
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Lattisimus Dorsi
Proximal Attachment: T6-S5 Vertebra (Spinous processes, SP), iliac crest of Pelvis, Ribs 9-12
Distal Attachment: Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
Actions (functions): Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus.
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Term
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Definition
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Deltoid
Proximal attachments: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula.
Distal attachment: Deltoid tuberosity on humerus.
Actions: Abduction of humerus. |
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Term
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Coracobrachialis |
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Definition
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Coracobrachialis
Proximal Attachments: Corocoid process
Distal attachments: Medial mid-shaft of humerus
Actions: Flexes and adducts humerus. |
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Term
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Biceps Brachii |
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Definition
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Biceps Brachii
Proximal attachment: Tip of the coracoid process (short head), supraglenoid tubecle (long head, within joint capsule, then runs through bicipital groove)
Distal attachment: Tuberosity of radius
Actions: Supinates forearm, flexion of elbow joint, can also flex the shoulder. |
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Term
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Triceps Brachii |
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Definition
TORQUE PRODUCERS
Triceps Brachii
Proximal Attachments: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head),posterior surface of the humerus below the radial groove (medial head), superior, lateral margin of humerus (lateral head).
Distal attachment: Olecranon process of ulna.
Actions: Extension of elbow.
Functions: long head supports the inferior aspect of the shoulder joint capsule when the arm is abducted. |
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Term
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Trapezius (Upper, middle, lower fibres) |
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Definition
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Trapezius
Proximal attachments: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7-T12 vertebra
Distal attachments: lateral 1/3 clavicle (upper fibres), acromion and spine of scapula (middle fibres) and tubercle of scapula spine (lower fibres).
Actions: The upper fibers elevate scapula, middle fibers brace shoulder girdle. Lower fibers depress medial aspect of the scapula and shoulder, upper and lower fibers together tend to rotate scapula so glenoid fossa points up and forward. Can extend head and neck.
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Term
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Rhomboid Major |
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Definition
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Rhomboid Major
Proximal Attachments: T3-T5 Vertebrae
Distal attachments: medial border of the scapula, inferior to spine
Actions: Retract and elevate scapula |
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Term
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Rhomboid Minor |
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Definition
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Rhomboid Minor
Proximal attachments: lower ligamentum nuchae, C7-T1 SP of vertebrae
Distal Attachments: Medial border of scapula, near spine.
Actions: Retract and elevate the scapula |
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Term
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Levator Scapulae
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Definition
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Levator Scapulae
Proximal Attachments: Transverse processes of C1-C3/C4 vertebra.
Distal Attachments: Medial border of scapular between superior angle and base of spine.
Actions: Retract and elevate the scapula.
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Term
SCAPULOTHORACIS MUSCLES
Pectoralis Minor |
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Definition
SCAPULOTHORACIS MUSCLES
Pectoralis Minor
Proximal Attachments: Ribs 3-5, near their costochondral junctions.
Distal attachments: Corocoid process
Actions: Protracts and depresses the shoulder
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Term
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Serratus Anterior
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Definition
SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES
Serratus Anterior
Proximal Attachments: Anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8.
Distal attachments: Medial border, anterior surface, inferior angle of the scapula. (Runs underneath scapula)
Actions: Protracts and laterally rotates scapula. Makes glenoid face more superiorly.
Functions: Transfers the weight of trunk to upper limb when weight is being taken on the hands, and pulls the shoulder girdle forwards.
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Term
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Supraspinatus |
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Definition
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Supraspinatus
Proximal attachments: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Distal Attachments: Tendon inserts on the upper facet of greater tuberosity of the humerus.
Actions: Initiates abduction
Functions: Stabilises the GHJ as part of the rotator cuff muscles.
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Term
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Infraspinatus |
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Definition
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Infraspinatus
Proximal Attachments: Infraspinous fossa, and thick fascia covering it.
Distal Attachments: Middle facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. There is a bursa between infraspinatus and the neck of scapula.
Actions: Lateral rotation of humerus
Functions: Stabilise the GHJ as a member of the rotator cuff muscles. |
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Term
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Teres Minor |
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Definition
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Teres Minor
Proximal Attachments: Superior 1/3 of lateral border of scapula.
Distal Attachment: Lower facet of greater tuberosity of the humerus.
Actions: Adductor and lateral rotator of the humerus.
Functions:Helps to oppose upward subluxation of the humerus due to the powerful actions of deltoid, biceps brachii, and triceps. |
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Term
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Subscapularis
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Definition
ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES
Subscapularis
Proximal attachments: Medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa
Distal Attachments: Forms a broad tendon which inserts on the lesser tuberosity, shoulder joint capsule, and front of upper shaft of humerus. Some superficial fibers blend with the transverse humeral ligament.
Actions: Adductor and medial rotator of the humerus.
Functions: As part of rotator cuff, centralizes humeral head, limiting superior translation during abduction.
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