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Muscles of the lower extremity
origin, insertion, innervation, action
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
12/08/2008

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Term
Gluteus maximus
Definition
o:ilium
i: IT band
n: inferior gluteal
a: hip extensor and lateral rotation
Term
Gluteus medius
Definition
o: ilium
i: greater trochanter
n: superior gluteal
a: hip abduction and medial rotation
Term
Gluteus minimus
Definition
o: ilium
i: greater trochanter
n: superior gluteal
a: hip abduction and medial rotation
Term
Piriformis
Definition
o: ant pelvic surface sacrum
i: greater trochanter
n: ventral rami
a: hip lateral rotation and abduction (roundhouse kicks)
Term
Obturator internus
Definition
o: pelvic surface obturator
i: greater trochanter
n: obturator interus
a: hip lateral rotation and abduction
Term
Superior gemellus
Definition
o: ischial spine
i: greater trochanter
n:
a: hip lateral rotation and abduction
Term
Inferior gemellus
Definition
o: ischial tuberosity
i: greater trochanter
n:
a: hip lateral rotation and abduction
Term
Quadratus femoris
Definition
o: ischial tuberosity
i: intertrochanteric crest
n: quadratus
a: hip lateral rotation
Term
Rectus femoris (Quadriceps)
Definition
o: AIIS and ilium
i: patella
n: femoral n
a: extend knee and flexion of the hip
Term
Vastus lateralis (Quadriceps)
Definition
o: greater trochanter, lateral aspera
i: quadriceps tendon and lat. Patella
n: femoral n
a: extend knee and flexion of the hip
Term
Vastus medialis (Quadriceps)
Definition
o: intertrochanteric lin and med. Aspera
i: quadriceps tendon and med. Patella
n: femoral n
a: extend knee and flexion of the hip
Term
Vastus intermedius (Quadriceps)
Definition
o: ant. and lat. surfaces of femoral body
i: quad tendon and med. Patella
n: femoral n
a: extend knee and flexion of the hip
Term
Pectineus
Definition
o: pubic ramus
i: pectineal line of femur
n: femoral n
a: adducts and flexes thigh
Term
Iliopsoas
Definition
o: psoas major- discs, transverse process
iliacus- iliac crest and iliac fossa
i: lesser trochanter
n: femoral n
a: most important hip flexor
Term
Tensor fascia lata
Definition
o: ASIS, iliac crest
i: IT band
n: superior gluteal nerve
a: maintains tension in IT band and flexes hip
Term
Sartorius
Definition
o: ASIS
i: sup med surface of tibia
n: femoral n
a: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh, and flexes leg at hip
Term
Adductor longus
Definition
o: body of pubis
i: middle 1/3 linea aspera
n: obturator n
a: hip adductor
Term
Adductor brevis
Definition
o: body ramus of pubis
i: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
n: obturator n
a: hip adductor and flexor
Term
Adductor magnus
Definition
o: adductor head- pubis ramus and ischial ramus
hamstrings head- ischial tuberosity
i: adductor head- gluteal tuberosity
hamstrings head- adductor tubercle
n: adductor head- obuturator n
hamstrings head- tibial n
a: adductor head- hip adductor and some flexion
hamstrings head- hip extensor
Term
Gracilis
Definition
o: body ramus pubis
i: med surface tibia
n: obturator n
a: adducts and medially rotates hip and flexes knee
Term
Obturator externus
Definition
o: obturator foramen and obturator membrane
i: trochanteric fossa
n: obturator n
a: lateral rotates hip
Term
Semitendinosus
Definition
o: ischial tuberosity
i: med surface of tibia
n: tibial n
a: extend thigh, flex leg, med rotate limb
Term
Semimembranosus
Definition
o: ischial tuberosity
i: post med tibial condyle
n: tibial n
a: extend thigh, flex leg, med rotate limb
Term
Biceps femorus
Definition
o: long head- ischial tuberosity
short head- linea aspera and lat supracondylar ridge
i: lat head of fibia
n: long head- tibial n
short head- common fibular
a: flexes leg, lat rotates knee when flexed, long head extends knee
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
o: lateral- lat femoral condyle
medial- med femoral condyle
i: calcaneus (Achilles tendon)
n: tibial n
a: plantar flexion, flexes leg at knee
Term
Soleus
Definition
o: fibula, soleal line and tibia
i: calcaneal tendon
n: tibial n
a: plantar flexes ankle
Term
Plantaris
Definition
o: lat supracondylar line
i: calcaneus tendon
n: tibial n
a: weakly plantar flexes ankle when knee is extended, flexes leg at knee
Term
Popliteus
Definition
o: lat surface femoral condyle and lat meniscus
i: tibia
n: tibial n
a: weakly flexes knee, unlocks knee
Term
Flexor hallucis longus
Definition
o: 2/3 post fibula
i: distal phalanx 1st digit
n: tibial n
a: flexes 1st digit at all joints, weak plantar flexor
Term
Flexor digitorum longus
Definition
o: soleal line and fibula
i: distal phalanges lat 4 digits
n: tibial n
a: flexes lat 4 digits and ankle plantar flexor
Term
Tibialis posterior
Definition
o: IM, tibia
i: navicular, cuneiform, cuboid and bases of the 2,3,4 metatarsals
n: tibial n
a: ankle plantar flexor and foot inverter
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