Term
ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (foot) |
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Definition
ORIGIN Medial and lateral processes of posterior calcaneal tuberosity INSERTION Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe and 5th metatarsal ACTION Flexes and abducts 5th toe. Supports lateral longitudinal arch NERVE Lateral plantar (S2,3) |
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ORIGIN Medial process of posterior calcaneal tuberosity & flexor retinaculum INSERTION Medial aspect of base of proximal phalanx of big toe via medial sesamoid ACTION Flexes and abducts big toe. Supports medial longitudinal arch NERVE Medial plantar nerve (S1,2) |
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ORIGIN Inferior ramus and body of pubis INSERTION Upper third of linea aspera ACTION Adducts hip NERVE Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, 3) |
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ORIGIN Oblique head: base of 2, 3, 4 metatarsals. Transverse head: plantar metatarsal ligaments and deep transverse ligament INSERTION Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe and lateral sesamoid. ACTION Adducts and flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe. Supports transverse arch NERVE Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, 3) |
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ORIGIN Body of pubis inferior and medial to pubic tubercle INSERTION Lower two thirds of medial linea aspera ACTION Adducts and medially rotates hip NERVE Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, 3) |
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ORIGIN Adductor portion: ischiopubic ramus. Hamstring portion: lower outer quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity INSERTION Adductor portion: lower gluteal line and linea aspera. Hamstring portion: adductor tubercle ACTION Adductor portion: adducts and medially rotates hip. Hamstring portion: extends hip NERVE Adductor portion: posterior division of obturator nerve (L2-4). Hamstring portion: tibial portion of sciatic (L4-S3) |
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ORIGIN Two slips from anterior femur below vastus intermedialius INSERTION Apex of suprapatellar bursa ACTION Retracts bursa as knee extends NERVE Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4) |
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ORIGIN Long head: upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head:middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur INSERTION Styloid process of head of fibula. lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle ACTION Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip NERVE Long head: tibial portion of sciatic nerve. Short head: common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve (both L5, S1) |
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Term
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS (foot) |
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Definition
ORIGIN Superior surface of anterior calcaneus INSERTION Four tendon into proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to toes 2, 3 and 4 ACTION Extends toes when foot fully dorsiflexed NERVE Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1) |
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EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS |
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Definition
ORIGIN Upper two thirds of anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane and superior tibiofibular joint INSERTION Extensor expansion of lateral four toes ACTION Extends toes and extends foot at ankle NERVE Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1) |
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ORIGIN Superior surface of anterior calcaneus INSERTION Proximal phalanx of big toe ACTION Extends great toe NERVE Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1) |
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ORIGIN Middle half of anterior shaft of fibula INSERTION Base of distal phalanx of great toe ACTION Extends big toe and foot. Inverts foot and tightens subtalar joints NERVE Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1) |
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FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS (foot) |
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Definition
ORIGIN Base of 5th metatarsal and sheath of peroneus longus INSERTION Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of little toe ACTION Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of little toe NERVE Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, 3) |
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Definition
ORIGIN Medial process of posterior calcaneal tuberosity INSERTION Four tendons to four lateral toes to borders of middle phalanx.Tendons of flexor digitorum longus pass through them ACTION Flexes lateral four toes, Supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches NERVE Medial plantar nerve (S1, 2) |
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Definition
ORIGIN Posterior shaft of tibia below soleal line and by broad aponeurosis from fibula INSERTION Base of distal phalanges of lateral four toes ACTION Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes and foot at ankle. Supports lateral longitudinal arch NERVE Tibial nerve (S1, 2) |
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ORIGIN Cuboid, lateral cuneiform and tibialis posterior insertion over the two remaining cuneiforms INSERTION Medial tendon to medial side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe. Lateral tendon to lateral side of same, both via sesamoids ACTION Flexes metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe. Supports medial longitudinal arch NERVE Medial plantar nerve (S2, 3) |
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ORIGIN Lower two thirds of posterior fibula between median crest and posterior border, lower intermuscular septum and aponeurosis of flexor digitorum longus INSERTION Base of distal phalanx of big toe and slips to medial two tendons of flexor digitorum longus ACTION Flexes distal phalanx of big toe, flexes foot at ankle, supports medial longitudinal arch NERVE Tibial nerve (S2, 3) |
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ORIGIN Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur and highest of three facets on lateral condyle. medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle INSERTION Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior aspect of calcaneus ACTION Plantar flexes foot. Flexes knee NERVE Tibial nerve (S1, 2) |
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ORIGIN Upper border of ischial tuberosity INSERTION Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur ACTION laterally rotates and stabilizes hip NERVE Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, 5, S1) |
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ORIGIN Spine of ischium INSERTION Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur ACTION laterally rotates and stabilizes hip NERVE Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, 2) |
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ORIGIN Outer surface of ilium behind posterior gluteal line and posterior third of iliac crest lumbar fascia, lateral mass of sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx INSERTION Deepest quarter into gluteal tuberosity of femur, remaining three quarters into iliotibial tract (anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia) ACTION Extends and laterally rotates hip. Maintains knee extended via iliotibial tract NERVE Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1,2) |
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ORIGIN Outer surface of ilium between posterior and middle gluteal lines INSERTION Posterolateral surface of greater trocanter of femur ACTION Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on walking NERVE Superior gluteal nerve (L4,5,S1) |
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ORIGIN Outer surface of ilium between middle and inferior gluteal lines INSERTION Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur ACTION Abducts and medially rotates hip. Tilts pelvis on walking. NERVE Superior gluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
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ORIGIN Outer surface of ischiopubic ramus INSERTION Upper medial shaft of tibia below sartorius ACTION Adducts hip. Flexes knee and medially rotates flexed knee NERVE Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, 3) |
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ORIGIN Iliac fossa within abdomen INSERTION Lowermost surface of lesser trochanter of femur ACTION Flexes medially rotates hip NERVE Femoral nerve in abdomen (L2,3) |
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ORIGIN Bipennate from inner aspects of shafts of all metatarsals INSERTION Bases of proximal phalanges and dorsal extensor expansions of medial side of 2nd toe and lateral sides of 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes ACTION Abduct 2nd , 3rd and 4th toes from axis of 2nd toe. Assist lumbricals in extending interphalangeal joints while flexing metatarsal phalangeal joints NERVE lateral plantar nerve (1-3: deep branch; 4: superficial branch) (S2, 3) |
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ORIGIN Inferomedial shafts of 3rd , 4th and 5th metatarsals (single heads) INSERTION Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges with slips to dorsal extensor expansions of 3rd, 4th and 5th toes ACTION Adduct 3rd 4th and 5th toes to axis of 2nd toe, Assist lumbricals in extending interphalangeal joints while flexing metatarsal phalangeal joints NERVE Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,3) |
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ORIGIN Lateral 3: bipennate origin from cleft between the four tendons of flexor digitorum longus . medial 1: unipennate origin from medial aspect of 1st tendon INSERTION Dorsal extensor expansion ACTION Extend toes at interphalangeal joints and flex metatarsal phalangeal joints NERVE First: medial plantar nerve (L4,5). 2-4: deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2,3) |
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ORIGIN Outer obturator membrane , rim of pubis and ischium bordering it INSERTION Trochanteric fossa on medial surface of greater trochanter ACTION laterally rotates hip NERVE Posterior division of obturator nerve (L2,3,4) |
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ORIGIN Inner surface of obturator membrane and rim of pubis and ischium bordering membrane INSERTION Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur ACTION laterally rotates and stabilizes hip NERVE Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1,2) |
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Definition
ORIGIN Inner surface of obturator membrane and rim of pubis and ischium bordering membrane INSERTION Middle part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur ACTION Laterally rotates and stabilizes hip NERVE Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, 2) |
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ORIGIN Pectineal line of pubis and narrow area of superior pubic ramus below it INSERTION A verticle line between spiral line and gluteal crest below lesser trochanter of femur ACTION Flexes, adducts and medially rotates hip NERVE Anterior division of femoral nerve (L2, 3). Occasional twig from obturator nerve (anterior division - L2,3) |
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ORIGIN Lower two thirds lateral shaft of fibula INSERTION Tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal ACTION Plantar* flexes and everts foot . Supports lateral longitudinal arch NERVE Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1) |
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ORIGIN Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula , head of fibula and superior tibiofibular joint INSERTION Plantar aspect of base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform, passing deep to long plantar ligament ACTION Plantar flexes and everts foot. Supports lateral longitudinal and transverse arches NERVE Superficial peroneal nerve (L5,S1) |
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ORIGIN Third quarter of anterior shaft of fibula INSERTION Shaft and base of 5th metatarsal ACTION Extends and everts foot NERVE Deep peroneal nerve (L5,S1) |
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ORIGIN 2, 3, 4 costotransverse bars of anterior sacrum, few fibers from superior border of greater sciatic notch INSERTION Anterior part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur ACTION laterally rotates and stabilizes hip NERVE Anterior primary rami of S1, 2 |
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ORIGIN 2, 3, 4 costotransverse bars of anterior sacrum, few fibers from superior border of greater sciatic notch INSERTION Anterior part of medial aspect of greater trochanter of femur ACTION laterally rotates and stabilizes hip NERVE Anterior primary rami of S1, 2 |
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ORIGIN Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius INSERTION Tendo calcaneus (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon) ACTION Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee NERVE Tibial nerve (S1, 2) |
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ORIGIN Posterior shaft of tibia above soleal line and below tibial condyles INSERTION Middle of three facets on lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur. Tendon passes into capsule of knee to posterior part of lateral meniscus ACTION Unlocks extended knee by lateral rotation of femur on tibia. Pulls back lateral meniscus NERVE Tibial nerve (L5,S1) |
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ORIGIN Lateral border of ischial tuberosity INSERTION Quadrate tubercle of femur and a vertical line below this to the level of lesser trocanter ACTION laterally rotates and stabilizes hip NERVE Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, 5, S1) |
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Definition
ORIGIN Lateral head-tuberosity of calcaneus, medial head-medial side of calcaneus INSERTION Lateral border long flexor tendons ACTION Flexes toes NERVE Lateral plantar (S2,S3) |
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ORIGIN Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head: ilium above acetabulum INSERTION Quadriceps tendon to patella , via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia ACTION Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip NERVE Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4) |
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ORIGIN Immediately below anterior superior iliac spine INSERTION Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia ACTION Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip. Flexes, medially rotates leg at knee NERVE Anterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4) |
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ORIGIN Upper outer quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity INSERTION Medial condyle of tibia below articular margin, fascia over popliteus and oblique popliteal ligament ACTION Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip NERVE Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1) |
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ORIGIN Upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity INSERTION Upper medial shaft of tibia below gracilis ACTION Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip NERVE Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1) |
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ORIGIN Soleal line and middle third of posterior border of tibia and upper quarter of posterior shaft of fibula including neck INSERTION Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior surface of calcaneus ACTION Plantar flexes foot (aids venous return) NERVE Tibial nerve (S1, 2) |
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ORIGIN Outer surface of anterior iliac crest between tubercle of the iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine INSERTION Iliotibial tract (anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia) ACTION Maintains knee extended (assists gluteus maximus) and abducts hip NERVE Superior gluteal nerve (L4, 5, S1) |
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ORIGIN Upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane INSERTION Inferomedial aspect of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal ACTION Extends and inverts foot at ankle. Holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot NERVE Deep peroneal nerve (L4, 5) |
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ORIGIN Upper half of posterior shaft of tibia and upper half of fibula between medial nerve crest and interosseous border, and interosseous membrane INSERTION Tuberosity of navicular bone and all tarsal bones (except talus) and spring ligament ACTION Plantar flexes and inverts foot. Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot NERVE Tibial nerve (L4, 5) |
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ORIGIN Anterior and lateral shaft of femur INSERTION Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia ACTION Extends knee NERVE Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4) |
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ORIGIN Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum INSERTION Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia ACTION Extends knee NERVE Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4) |
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ORIGIN Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera and medial intermuscular septum INSERTION Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia ACTION Extends knee. Stabilizes patella NERVE Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4) |
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