Elbow Flexors

Biceps brachii

Elbow Flexors - Biceps Brachii

Proximal Attachments: corocoid process (short head), supraglenoid tubercle (long head)

Distal Attachments: Radial Tuberosity

Actions: Poweful flexor of elbow (most effective at less than 90 deg) and supinator of forearm

Attachments: Can support shoulder joint capsule

Elbow Flexors

Brachialis

Elbow Flexors - Brachialis

Proximal Attachments: Distal 2/3 anterior humerus

Distal attachments: coronoid process, ulna tuberosity

Actions: main flexor of elbow.

Functions: controls extension

Elbow Flexors

Brachioradialis

Elbow Flexors - Brachioradialis

Proximal Attachments: Lateral epicondyle

Distal attachments: Styloid process of radius

Actions: Flexor of elbow

Functions: Strong elbow shunt muscle

Elbow Extensors

Triceps Brachii

Elbow Extensors - Triceps Brachii

Proximal Attachments: Infraglenoid Tubercle (long head), lateral and superior to the spiral groove on humerus (lateral head), medial and inferior to spiral groove on humerus (medial head)

Distal Attachments: Olecranon process of ulna

Actions: Extends elbow joint, can adduct and extend arm from flexed position

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Functions: Long head can support inferior aspect of Glenohumeral joint.

Elbow Extensors

Anconeus

Elbow Extensors - Anconeus

Proximal Attachments: lateral epicondyle

Distal attachments: olecranon process ulna, proximal 1/4 posterior ulna

Actions: Weak elbow extensor

Functions: Can slightly abduct head of ulna to facilitate easier pronation

Forearm Pronators

Pronator Teres

Forearm Pronators - Pronator Teres

Proximal Attachments: Medial epicondyle and supracondylar ridge (humeral head), and medial, proximal ulna at pronator ridge (ulna head)

Distal Attachments: Lateral, mid shaft radius at pronator teres impression

Actions: Pronates forearm

Functions: Weak flexor of elbow

Forearm Pronators

Pronator Quadratus

Forearm Pronators - Pronator Quadratus

Proximal Attachments: distal 1/4 anterior ulna

Distal Attachments: Distal 1/4 anterior radius

Actions: Initiates pronation

Functions: Holds radius/ulna together during weight bearing.

Supinator

Supinator

Proximal Attachments: Lateral epicondyle f humerus, supinator crest on ulna

Distal attachments: Proximal shaft of radius

Actions: Powerful supinator of forearm