Term
| Skeletal Muscle Tissue (location, striated or not, voluntary or involuntary) |
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Definition
Attached to Bones and Skin
striated
Voluntary |
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Term
| Cardiac Muscle Tissue (location, striated or not, voluntary or involuntary |
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Definition
Only in heart
striated
involuntary |
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Term
| Smooth Muscle Tissue (location, striated or not, voluntary or involuntary) |
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Definition
walls of hollow organs (stomach, bladder)
not striated
invlountary |
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Term
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Definition
1) Movement of bones or fluids
2) maintaining posture and body position
3) stabilizing joints
4) heat generation |
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Term
| 3 connective tissue sheaths |
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Definition
1) epimysium
2) Perimysium
3) Endomysium |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surround fascicles (groups of muscle fibers) |
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Term
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Definition
| surrounding each muscle fiber |
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Term
| 2 types of muscle attachment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Densely packed, rodlike elements
80% of cell volume
exhibit striations: perfectly aligned repeating dark A bands and light I bands |
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Term
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Definition
smallest unit of muscle fiber
region of myofibril between two Z discs |
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Term
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Definition
run entire length of A band
tails: 2 interwoven heavy polypeptide chains
Heads: 2 smaller light polypeptide chains that act as cross bridges, binding sites for thin filaments, binding site for ATP, ATPase enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
run entire length of I band and partway into A band
Twisted double stand of fibrous protein F actin |
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Term
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Definition
| coin-shaped sheet of proteins that anchor thin filaments and connect myofibrils to one another |
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Term
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Definition
| lighter midregion where filaments do not overlap |
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Term
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Definition
| line of protein myomesin that holds adjacent thick filaments together |
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Term
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Definition
| network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum surrounding each myofibril |
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Term
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Definition
continuous with sarcolemma
penetrates the cells interior at each A band-I band junction |
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Term
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Definition
| where T tubule has terminal cisternae of SR on each side |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| requirements for muscle contraction |
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Definition
1) Activation: neural stimulation at a neuromuscular junction
2) excitation-contraction coupling (EC coupling): generation and propagation of an action potential along the sarcolema, final trigger: a brief rise in intracellular CA2+ levels |
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Term
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Definition
| situated midway along the length of a muscle fiber. |
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Term
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Definition
| gel filled space between axon terminal and muscle fiber |
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Term
| what is released by the axon terminal synaptic vesicles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Events of neuromuscular junction |
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Definition
nerve impulses arrive at axon terminal,
ACh is released and binds with receptors on the sarcolemma
electrical events lead to the generation of an action potential |
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Term
| Destruction of Acetylcholine (ACh) |
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Definition
| ACh effects are quickly terminated by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase |
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Term
| EC coupling (Excitation-Contraction) |
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Definition
| sequence of events by which transmission of an AP along the sarcolemma leads to sliding of the myofilaments. |
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Term
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Definition
time when E-C coupling events occur
time between AP initiation and the beginning of contraction!
AP is propagated along sarcolemma T tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| a motor neuron and all muscle fibers it supplies |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle changes in length and moves the load |
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Term
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Definition
the load is greater then the tension the muscle is able to develop
the muscle neither shortens or lengthens |
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Term
| How is ATP regenerated (3 ways) |
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Definition
1) Direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate
2) Anaerobic pathway (glycosis)
3) aerobic respiration |
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Term
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Definition
glucose created 2 ATP
no oxygen used |
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Term
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Definition
Glucose used to create 32 ATP
Oxygen is used |
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Term
| Velocity and Duration of contraction influenced by? |
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Definition
1) muscle fiber type
2) load
3) recruitment |
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Term
| two characteristics of muscle fiber type |
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Definition
1)speed of contraction
2) metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis |
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Term
| Three types of muscle fibers |
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Definition
slow oxidative fibers- aerobic
fast oxidative fibers- anaerobic
fast glycolitic fibets anaerobic |
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