Term
| motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| specialized part of neuron that synapses with muscel fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| what root do motor things(efferent) come out? |
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Term
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Definition
| helps connect neuron to muscle fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| on muscle fibers to increase SA |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulation of Ach (nicotinic) receptors leads to change in membrane potential or ___ ___ ____ |
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Term
| almost always, because Ach is released in large quantities and doesn't need as much (as say Glu) to change the membrane potential significantly |
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Definition
| when Ach is released to stimulate a muscle, is there an action potential? |
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Term
| the action potential travels via sodium channels, but also opens voltage gated calcium channels (->DHPR) |
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Definition
| when action potentials spread down the sarcolemma (and T-tubule) what channels are opening? |
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Term
release Ca from SR
L-type Ca++ channels(DHP receptor=DHPR) interact with ryanodine receptors(ca+ release channel) and open the Ca+ release channel(ryanodine channel opens)
...then Ca leaks out and activates troponin C so muscles contract |
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Definition
| what do DHPR's do, how do they work? |
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Term
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Definition
| how are ryanodine receptors typically arranged? |
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Term
SERCA pumps Ca++ back into the SR
or a Ca-ATPase pumps Ca++ against its gradient |
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Definition
| once calcium is relased from the SR, how does it get back into the SR or outta the cell? |
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Term
| calcium induced calcium release, basically calcium leakin out can cause more Ca to leak out |
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Definition
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Term
| Z, I, A, H, M, H, A, I, Z (A spans the H band) |
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Definition
| order the bands from z line to Zline |
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Term
| overlapping thick and thin filaments, H and M bands (it spans the length of the thick filaments) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| HI shorten, A stays the same length |
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Definition
| what bands shorten, and which ones don'e |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the largest known proteins, holds sarcomere together |
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Term
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Definition
| myosin part that regulates ATPase activity |
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Term
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Definition
| myosin part that is the binding site to hydrolyze ATP |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| what is the troponin complex made of? |
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Term
| string = tropomyosin, beads = actin, chunky block thing = troponin |
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Definition
| what are the parts of beads on a string actin filaments? |
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Term
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Definition
| where is the myosin binding site on actin filaments? |
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Term
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Definition
| what binds to troponin-c? |
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Term
| no new ATP is introduced to muscles, so there is no way to dissociate the myosin heads |
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Definition
| what causes rigor mortis? |
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Term
| Ca binds to TnC, moving TnI and TnT out of the way of the actin |
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Definition
| when calcium binds to ____, ___ and ___ move oover so myosin head can bind |
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Term
| phosphate from the hydrolyzed ATP is lost and the actin filament moves |
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Definition
| describe the power stroke |
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Term
| ATP (cross bridges and ion pumps), phosphocreatine, creatine kinase, glycogen/glucose |
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Definition
| energy sources form muscles? |
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Term
| anaerobic meatbolism (fast twitch) |
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Definition
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Term
| aerobic metabolism (O for SLOW twitch, have to go through krebs) |
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Definition
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Term
| re-uptake of calcium (with SERCA the ATPase on the membrane) |
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Definition
| what terminates contraction? |
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Term
Ca moves the troponin complex so Myosin can interact with actin
ATP helps release the myosin so it can crawl to the next spot and bind(cocked) then shoot off a Pi |
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Definition
| how are Ca and ATP used in contraction? |
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Term
| increases as more and more myosin/actin interact, but only until the actin filaments begin to overlap (then there are less places for myosin and actin to interact because actin filaments are overlapping) |
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Definition
| to what point is the sarcomere shortening favorable to tension? |
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Term
| bigger load takes longer for muscle to contract (picking up a TV is slower than picking up a pencil) |
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Definition
| relationship between load and velocity of contraction |
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Term
1) fiber summation (more motor units/fibers)
2) frequency summation of ind. fibers |
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Definition
| 2 ways to increase force of contraction |
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Term
| fused-no time to re-uptake calcium, so fused tetanus, has to do with short refractory period and long twitch duration |
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Definition
| what is stronger, individual twitches or overall contraction (fused) |
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Term
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Definition
| fast glycolytic are type IIb aka |
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Term
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Definition
| fast oxidative (type IIa) are ____ fibers |
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Term
| harder to fatigue, but low force contractions |
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Definition
| how easily do type 1 fibers fatigue, how strong are its contractions? |
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Term
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Definition
| if Ach hangs around in the terminal too long, what happens? |
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Term
| tetrodotoxin-inhibits action potential->numbness/paralysis (messes with muscle and neuronal sodium channels) |
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Definition
| sodium channel blocker(what does this do to AP?) |
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Term
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Definition
| calcium channel inhibitor |
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Term
| Ach release (botox causes paralysis->vesicles cannot bind to membrane, tetanus toxin causes contraction) |
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Definition
| what do tetanus toxin and botox act on? |
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Term
| physostigmine (reversed with atropine by mr. cage) |
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Definition
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Term
| acetylcholine and nicotine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blocks Achesterase leading to bugs dying of tetanus (diaphragm locks up in people) |
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Term
| Succinyl choline-> gives muscles twitch, depolarizes cells due to chronic stimulation and inactivates Na+ channels |
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Definition
| irreversible Ach inhibitor? |
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