Term
| Child in developing country + gross muscle wasting + no fat + hungry + no oedema |
|
Definition
| Marasmus - 'dry', low protein/calorie diet |
|
|
Term
| Child in developing country + oedema + moon face + anorexic + pale thin hair + apathy |
|
Definition
| Kwashiokor - 'wet', low protein diet with some carbohydrate leading to hypoalbuminaemia |
|
|
Term
| Night blindness + dry eyes + growth retardation in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which Vitamin deficiency causes beriberi and also Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome? |
|
Definition
| VItamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Growth retardation + dry scaly skin + angular cheilitis |
|
Definition
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin deficiency causes pellagra? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid) |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin deficiency can cause oral soreness, anaemia, CNS dysfunction? |
|
Definition
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin deficiency causes pernicious anaemia + memory dysfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weakness + malaise + fatigue + bleeding swollen inflamed gums + impaired wound healing + impaired bone growth + hyperkeratotic hair follicle with surrounding hyperaemia |
|
Definition
| Scurvy - vitamin C deficiency (ascorbic acid) |
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin deficiency causes rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bow legs + rachitic rosary + inability to walk + dental deformities + low plasma vitamin D, phosphate, elevated PTH and ALP |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which vitamin deficiency can cause pernicious anaemia and neural tube defects in the fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which deficiency can cause: stillbirths, congenital hypothyroidism, cretinism, goitre? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 4 causes of traveller's diarrhoea? |
|
Definition
| E Coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas hydrophila |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial cause of dysentery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Persistent traveller's diarrhoea + fever + mucus or blood in stools |
|
Definition
| Amoebiasis (Entamoeba histolytica) |
|
|
Term
| Persistent traveller's diarrhoea + abdominal cramps + flatulence + bubbly, foul-smelling diarrhoea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever + chills + headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever + bradycardia + jaundice = yellow fever |
|
Definition
| Yellow fever (Aedes mosquito) |
|
|
Term
| Traveller + febrile illness + vomiting + stupor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Traveller + painful bite + paraesthesia + hydrophobia (pain with drinking) + agitation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 5 common infections to consider in the returned traveller? |
|
Definition
| Dengue fever, giardiasis, hepatitis A and B, gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis, malaria, helminth infestations |
|
|
Term
| 5 most common causes of fever in returned traveller? |
|
Definition
1. Malaria until proven otherwise
2. Viral URTI eg. Flu
3. Hepatitis
4. GIT/diarrhoeal illness
5. Dengue |
|
|
Term
| 8 Serious disorders not to be missed in the febrile returned traveller? |
|
Definition
1. Malaria
2. TB
3. Typhoid
4. Encephalitis
5. Meningococcal meningitis
6. Melioidosis
7. Amoebiasis (liver abscess)
8. HIV seroconversion illness |
|
|
Term
| First line screening tests for well, febrile returned traveller? |
|
Definition
1. FBC, ESR
2. Thick and thin films
3. LFTs
4. Urine for MCS |
|
|
Term
| Headache + fever/chills + malaise + prostration + sweating + myalgia (if atypical - diarrhoea, abdo pain, cough) |
|
Definition
| Malaria: Signs - Blackwater fever (dark urine), hepatosplenomegaly, abdo pain, arrythmia, postural hypotension |
|
|
Term
| 'Stepladder fever' over 4 days + abdo pain + relative bradycardia + pea soup diarrhoea + rose spots +/- splenomegaly |
|
Definition
| Typhoid fever - incubation period 10-14 days |
|
|
Term
| Fever + vomiting + abrupt onset 'rice water' diarrhoea |
|
Definition
| Cholera : incubation few hours-5 days |
|
|
Term
| Fever + bradycardia (Faget's sign) + jaundice + bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fever + severe aching/myalgia/backache + maculopapular rubelliform or petechial rash |
|
Definition
Dengue fever ('breakbone' fever)
Incubation period 5-6 days |
|
|
Term
| Where is chikungunya most likely to be encountered? |
|
Definition
| Tropical SE Asia, Indian Ocean Islands, parts of Africa |
|
|
Term
| Fever + pneumonia (cough, pleuritic chest pain) + myalgia |
|
Definition
Melioidosis
- Serious disease
- Cause by Gram neg bacillus Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Acquired through wading in rice paddies
- Can cause focal infection or septicaemia with lung, kidney, skin, liver, spleen abscesses |
|
|
Term
| Painful suppurative inguinal or axillary lymphadenitis + Caused by Yersinia pestis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flu like symptoms + fever + haemoptysis + septicaemia + fatal haemorrhagic illness +/- buboes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Food poisoning from eating tropical fish causing gastroenteritis + muscle weakness + paraesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Returned traveller + swimmer's itch: site of bite + fever + myalgia + urticaria + N/V/D + lymphadenopathy + hepatosplenomegaly |
|
Definition
Schistosomiasis (bilharzia)
- Parasites in contaminated water and irrigation channels in Egypt, Africa, South America |
|
|
Term
| Abdominal pain + recurrent diarrhoea + blood eosinophilia |
|
Definition
Strongyloides (human threadworm)
Tiny parasites 2mm
They can live in the body for many years
Think of this in : migrants, returned soldiers, former POWs, northern Aboriginal communities |
|
|
Term
| Electrolyte disturbance: thirst + confusion + oliguria + orthostatic hypotension + muscle cramps |
|
Definition
Hypernatremia >145 mmol/L
Severe: seizures, delirium, hyperthermia, coma |
|
|
Term
| Electrolyte disturbance: lethargy + confusion + mental changes |
|
Definition
Hyponatremia Na <135mmol/L
Severe: convulsions, coma, death |
|
|
Term
| Electrolyte disturbance: cardiac arrest OR muscle weakness + flaccid paralysis + peaked T waves/short QT, prolonged PR interval |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrolyte disturbance: lethargy + muscle weakness/cramps + confusion + severe flaccid paralysis --> tetany/coma + prominent U waves/depressed ST segment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 differentials for butterfly rash? |
|
Definition
1. SLE: no pustules or scale
2. Papules, pustules, telangectasia on cheeks, forehead and chin
3. Erisipelas: painful, erythematous, well-defied raised edge
4. Seborrhoeic dermatitis: red, scaly, eyebrows/eyelids/nasolabial folds
5. Photosensitivity eruptions: sun exposed areas
'Malar flush' --> mitral stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, rosacea, SLE, mesenteric adenitis |
|
|
Term
| Angina + dyspnoea + blackouts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Menstrual dysfunction + obesity + hirsutism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaise + nights sweats + pruritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abdominal pain + diarrhoea + fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vertigo + vomiting + tinnitus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dizziness + hearing loss + tinnitus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + muscle weakness + cramps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life-threatening condition: Fevers + rigors + hypotension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life-threatening condition: Fever + vomiting + headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life-threatening condition: Fatigue + dizziness + syncope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life-threatening condition: Fever + drooling + stridor (child) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life-threatening condition: Headache + vomiting + altered consciousness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life-threatening condition: abdominal pain + amenorrhoea + abnormal vaginal bleeding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Life-threatening condition: fatigue + dyspnoea on exertion + dizziness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitfall: fatigue + weight loss + diarrhoea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitfall: Anorexia/nausea + faecal leaking + abdominal bloating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitfall: Abdominal cramps + flatulence + profuse diarrhoea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitfall: Lethargy + tiredness + arthralgia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitfall: Lethargy + abdominal pains + irritability (in child) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitfall: Aching bones + waddling gait + deafness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitfall: Malaise + cough + fever (+/- erythema nodosum) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pitfall: (male child) snorting, blinking + oral noises (grunts) + loud expletives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Malaise + fever + cough (+ erythema nodosa) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Fever + sore throat + cervical lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Fatigue + a/n/v + sallow skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Polyuria + polydipsia + skin/orifice infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: FUO + cardiac murmur + embolic phenomena |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Fatigue + polyarthritis + fever/skin lesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Loin pain + haematuria + palpaple loin mass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Malaise + weight loss + cough |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Fever + myalgia/headache + non-productive cough |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: malaise + night sweats + painless lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Athralgia + Raynaud phenomenon + GORD (+ skin changes) |
|
Definition
| Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) |
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Fatigue + headache + jaw claudication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Weakness + back pain + weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Masquerade: Lethargy + physical/mental slowing + constipation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pallor + jaundice + hepatosplenomegaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure to thrive + chronic cough + loose bowel actions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Light brown skin patches + skin tumours + axillary freckles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Male child + gait disorder + bulky calves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chorea + abnormal behaviour + dementia + family history |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Typical facies + hypotonia + single palmar crease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Facies (large prominent ears, long narrow face) + intellectual disability + large testes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neonatal hypotonia + failure to thrive + obesity (later) |
|
Definition
Prader Willi syndrome 19
Deletion of short arm of chromosome 15 |
|
|
Term
| Elfin face + intellectual disability + aortic stenosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tall stature + dislocated lens and myopia + aortic root dilatation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Facial rash + intellectual disability + seizures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Facies (downslating palpebral fissures, wide eyes, low set ears) + short stature + pulmonary stenosis + webbed neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lanky men + small testes + infertility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short stature + webbed neck + facies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Growth retardation + facies (narrow frontal area, low set ears, long philtrum, thin upper lip, micrognathia) + microcephaly |
|
Definition
| Fetal alcohol syndrome 19 |
|
|
Term
| Severe abdo pain + abnormal illness behaviour + red urine |
|
Definition
| Acute intermittent porphyria 19 |
|
|
Term
| Arthritis + pigmentation of ear cartilage + black urine with alkalinisation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Odour + hypertonicity + seizures (infancy) |
|
Definition
| Maple syrup urine disease 19 |
|
|
Term
| Thirst + polyuria + weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Initial euphoria + floating feeling + dilated pupils + changes of appetite |
|
Definition
| Cannabis/marijuana use 22 |
|
|
Term
| Anxiety + panic + sweating + jaw clenching + increased HR/BP/temp + feelings of happiness /love |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe hallucinations + incoherent speech + vomiting + laughing and crying |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stupor/drowsiness + watery eyes/runny nose + narrowed pupils + loss of sex drive |
|
Definition
| Narcotics - opioids (eg heroin) 22 |
|
|
Term
| Muscle pains + irritability + paranoia + euphoria + dilated pupils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + palpitations + exertional dyspnoea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List 3 causes of microcytic anaemia MCV<80f/l |
|
Definition
1. Fe deficiency
2. Thalassemia
3. Sideroblastic anaemia |
|
|
Term
| List 4 causes of macrocytic anaemia MCV>98f/l |
|
Definition
1. Vitamin B12 deficiency
2. Folate deficiency
3. Cytotoxic drugs
4. Liver disease/alcoholism |
|
|
Term
| List 5 causes of normocytic anaemia MCV 80-98 |
|
Definition
1. Acute blood loss
2. Anaemia of chronic disease
3. CKD
4. Haemolysis
5. Endocrine disorders - eg. hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
| Tiredness + husky voice + cold intolerance |
|
Definition
| Myxoedema (hypothyroidism) 24 |
|
|
Term
| Anxiety + weight loss + weakness |
|
Definition
| Thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) 24 |
|
|
Term
| Nasal problems + fitting problems (rings, shoes) + sweating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weakness + polyuria + polydipsia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amenorrhoea + loss axillary/pubic hair + breast atrophy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reduced libido + impotence + loss of body hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + a/n/v + abdominal pain + skin discolouration |
|
Definition
| Addisons 24 (autoimmune destruction of adrenals) |
|
|
Term
| Plethoric moon face + thin extremities + muscle weakness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paroxysms of hypertension + headache + sweating + palpitations + possible angina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bones + moans + stones + abdominal groans |
|
Definition
Primary hyperparathyrodism
Hyperpcalcaemia 24 |
|
|
Term
| Weakness + constipation + polyuria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cramps + confusion + tetany |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Child: haematuria + abdominal mass + malaise |
|
Definition
Wilms tumour (nephroblastoma) 27
Peak age 2-3 years |
|
|
Term
| Abdominal discomfort + anorexia + abdo bloating/distension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood in stools + abdominal discomfort + change in bowel habit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jaundice + anorexia + abdominal discomfort/pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaise + pallor + bone pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaise + pallor + oral problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + fever/night sweats + abdo fullness (splenomegaly) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + night sweats + lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaise + fever/night sweats + lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaise + fever/night sweats + pruritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Weakness + unexplained back pain + susceptibility to infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anaemia + back pain + elevated ESR in patient >65yo |
|
Definition
Multiple myeloma 27
Clonal malignancy of plasma cell |
|
|
Term
| Paraprotein in serum + Bence-Jones protein in urine + bony lytic lesions on skeletal survey |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin/facial flushing + diarrhoea + valvular heart disease |
|
Definition
Carcinoid syndrome 27
Also: wheeze, telangectasia, hypotension, cyanosis |
|
|
Term
| Anorexia + weight loss + jaundice +/- epigastric pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + dysphagia + weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anorexia + dyspepsia + weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Headache + a/n/v + ataxia in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mental dysfunction + vomiting + waking headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indrawn eye + small pupil + ptosis + anhydrosis |
|
Definition
| Horner's syndrome ?lung ca 27 |
|
|
Term
| Fever + severe malaise + persistent generalised lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
| Acute HIV (Seroconversion disorder) 28 |
|
|
Term
| Sore throat + fever + cervical lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
EB mononucleosis 29
Slow onset 1-6 weeks
Fever, myalgia, headaches, blocked nose, sore throat 85%, rash primary 5%
Late teen, early 20s
Incubation ~1 month
Transmitted by close contact eg. kissing, sharing drinks |
|
|
Term
| Fever + malaise + arthralgia + generalised lymphadenopathy (cervical lymphadenopathy rare) + hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
CMV 29
Exudative pharyngtis is rare
Fever is quotidian intermittent fever spiking max in afternoon, and falling to normal each day
Abnormal LFTs
Disseminated: in immunocompromised - HIV eg. severe pneumonia, retinitis, encephalitis, GIT |
|
|
Term
| Polyarthritis + fever + rash |
|
Definition
Ross River Virus 29
Mosquito borne, tropical and temperate coastal regions
All ages esp 20-30 yo
75% polyarthritis - fingers, wrists, feet, ankles and knees |
|
|
Term
| Malaise + cough + weight loss + erythema nodosum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rash (symmetrical, generalised maculopapular) + constitutional symptoms + condylomata lata _ oropharygeal/vulvovaginal ulcers + generalised lymphadenopathy |
|
Definition
Secondary syphilis 30
- Increasing in Indigenous groups, can be acquired through homosexual activity, sexual contact overseas, congenital |
|
|
Term
| FUO + cardiac murmur + embolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malaise + headache + undulant fever |
|
Definition
Brucellosis (Malta fever) 30
Cattle farmers
Possible arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, spinal tenderness |
|
|
Term
| Fever + headache + prostration (extreme physical weakness/exhaustion) + works in abbatoir/farmer/hunter |
|
Definition
Q fever 30
Due to coxiella burnetti
Incubation 1-3 weeks
Sudden fever, rigors, dry cough, petechial rash,abdo pain |
|
|
Term
| Abrupt fever + headache + conjunctivitis + farmer |
|
Definition
Leptospirosis 30
From infected urine of pigs, cattle, horses, rats and dogs
In Australia: exclusively occupational infection or farmers, meat industry workers |
|
|
Term
| Erythema migrans (doughnut-shaped, well-defined rash 6cm at the bite site) + flu like illness |
|
Definition
Lyme disease 30
Caused by a spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi
Transmitted by Ixodes ticks
People living in bush, deer farmers at risk |
|
|
Term
| Bird fancier + atypical pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flu-like illness + food poisoning (dairy food, unpasteurised milk) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flu + headache + dry cough |
|
Definition
Atypical pneumonia 30
- Mycoplasma
- Legionella
- Psittacosis (chlamydia psittaci)
- Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) |
|
|
Term
| Headache + nausea + altered mental status + papilloedema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + psychiatric symptoms + myoclonus |
|
Definition
| Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (prion disease) 31 |
|
|
Term
| N+V + headache + stiff neck --> LMN lesion (flaccid paralysis) |
|
Definition
Poliomyelitis - 31
A highly contagious enterovirus (faecal oral route)
Tropics |
|
|
Term
| Malaise + a/n/v + confusion + oliguria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + a/n/v + sallow skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Recurrent PE/DVT + recurrent spontaneous abortions + livedo reticularis + skin ulcers + neuropsychiatric disturbances |
|
Definition
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
No features of SLE |
|
|
Term
| Polyarthritis + fatigue + malar (butterfly rash) + discoid rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Finger discomfort 'sausage fingers' + arthralgia + GORD + skin tightness + bird like facies + Raynaud phenomenon |
|
Definition
Scleroderma: 33, there are 3 variants
1. limited cutaneous disease, eg morphea
2. CREST - cutaneous + limited organ involvement
3. Diffuse systemic: systemic sclerosus |
|
|
Term
| Weakness + joint/muscle pain + violaceous facial rash |
|
Definition
Dermatomyositis 33
40-60 yo peak
Female to male 2:1
Associated malignancy: lung, ovary |
|
|
Term
| Dry eyes/dry mouth/dry vagina (sicca) + arthritis + difficulty swallowing food |
|
Definition
Sjogren syndrome 33
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in the absence of RA
Can transform into non-Hodgkin lymphoma 44x risk |
|
|
Term
| Athralgia + weight loss + fever + skin lesions (necrotising vasculitis of small/medium arteries leading to skin nodules) |
|
Definition
Polyarteritis nodosa 33
Young men
Livedo reticularis present
Confirmed on biopsy/angiogram |
|
|
Term
| Malaise + painful shoulder girdle + morning stiffness >50yo |
|
Definition
Polymyalgia rheumatica 33
Giant cell arteritis
Proximal muscles of shoulders/pelvic girdle, cervical spine pain/stiffness
Symmetrical
Age 60-70yo |
|
|
Term
| Fatigue + headache + jaw claudication |
|
Definition
Temporal arteritis
Unilateral throbbing headache
Temporal tenderness
Loss of temporal artery pulsation
Biopsy of artery 5cm diagnostic |
|
|
Term
| Painful oral/genital ulceration + 'pathergy' reaction (simple trauma can cause papules/pustules) + ocular symptoms (pain, reduced vision, floaters) + arthritis |
|
Definition
Behcet syndrome 33
Multiorgan
Complications: repeated uveitis, retinitis, blindness, colitis, VTE, meningoencephalitis |
|
|
Term
| Malaise + URTI + LRTI + glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
Wegener granulomatosis 33
Adolescence to elderly mean 40-45yo
Diagnosis confirmed by lung biopsy |
|
|
Term
| Asthma + rhinitis + vasculitis + hypereosinophilia |
|
Definition
| Churg-Strauss vasculitis 33 |
|
|
Term
| LMN muscle atrophy + UMN hyper-reflexia --> progressive spasticity |
|
Definition
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (a motor neurone disease) 34 |
|
|
Term
| Wasting in distal muscles + widespread fasciculations |
|
Definition
| Progressive muscle atrophy 34 |
|
|
Term
| Wasted fibrillating tongue + weakness of muscles of mastication |
|
Definition
| Progressive bulbar and pseudobulbar palsy 34 |
|
|
Term
| Resting tremor (in 50%) + rigidity + bradykinesia + postural instability + micrographia + cogwheeling + masked facies + slow, shuffling gait + pill-rolling tremor + dysarthria + constipation |
|
Definition
Parkinson disease 34
- 58-62yo onset
- Loss of dopamine |
|
|
Term
| Visual disturbance (diplopia, blurred, transient loos) + limb weakness/numbness/tingling + intention tremor/ataxia + vertigo + bladder urgency/incontinence/constipation |
|
Definition
Multiple sclerosis 34
UMN lesion + > one lesion separate times
Relapsing remitting |
|
|
Term
| Acute + symmetrical limb weakness + facial weakness + paraesthesia + arreflexia --> possible development into complete quadriparesis and respiratory paralysis within 3-4 weeks |
|
Definition
| Guillain Barre syndrome (Acute idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy) 34 |
|
|
Term
| Leg weakness + onset at puberty + distal variable muscle atrophy 'inverted champagne bottle' legs |
|
Definition
Charcot Marie Tooth syndrome 34
Inherited autosomal dominant polyneuropathy |
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Term
| Dysarthria + intention tremor + nystagmus |
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Definition
| Charcot's triad = cerebellar disease typical of MS |
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Term
| Tremor + head tremor + no Parkinsonism |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatiguable/weakness of eye lids and eye movements + limbs + bulbar muscles (speech, swallowing) |
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Definition
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Term
| Enopthalmos + meiosis + ptosis + anhydrosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Blank spell + lip smacking + hallucination of taste/smell |
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Definition
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Term
| Gradual spread (Jacksonian march) of focal jerking (mouth/arm/leg) OR sensory disturbance OR visual field disturbance |
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Definition
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Term
| Dysphagia + dysphonia/dysarthria + spastic tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| Recurrent headache + nausea/vomiting + visual aura |
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Definition
| Migraine with aura ( classical migraine) |
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Term
| Recurrent headache, severe retroorbital + rinorrhoea + lacrimation |
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Definition
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Term
| Instantaneous headache + vomiting + neck stiffness |
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Definition
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Term
| Headache + visual obscurations + papilloedema |
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Definition
Benign intracranial hypertension
Obese young female |
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Term
| Acute or transient: amaurosis fugax OR dysphasia OR hemiplegia |
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Definition
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Term
| Typical facies (temporalis atrophy/frontal balding) + muscle weakness + myotonia + cataracts |
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Definition
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Term
| Ataxia + opthalmoplegia + areflexia |
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Definition
| Miller-Fischer variant of GBS |
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Term
| Vertigo + provoked by movement + Hall Pike test +ve |
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Definition
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Term
| Pale child + severe 'colic' + vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| Intense abdominal pain + pale and shocked + back pain |
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Definition
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Term
| Anxiety and prostration + intense central pain + profuse vomiting +/- bloody diarrhoea |
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Definition
Mesenteric artery occlusion 35
Thumb-printing on xray due to mucosal oedema on gas-filled bowel |
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Term
| Localised RIF pain + a/n/v + guarding |
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Definition
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Term
| Colicky central pain + vomiting + distension |
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Definition
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Term
| Colicky pain + distension + vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| Sudden severe pain + anxious, still, grey, sweaty + deceptive improvement |
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Definition
| Perforated peptic ulcer 35 |
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Term
| Intense pain loin to groin + microscopic haematuria |
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Definition
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Term
| Severe abdo pain + vomiting + pain radiation |
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Definition
Biliary colic 25
Stereotype: 40, fat, fair, fertile
Post-prandial or at night, constant pain, RUQ/epigastrium, can radiate to shoulder/scapula, retching, often precipitated by fatty meal |
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Term
| Severe abdo pain + n/v + relative lack of abdo signs |
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Definition
Acute pancreatitis 35
Sudden onset, hours to days, radiates to back, relieved by sitting forwards, n/v/sweating/weak |
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Term
| Acute pain + left sided radiation + fever |
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Definition
Acute diverticulitis 35
Over 40yo, long standing, grumbling left abdo pain and constipation/irregular bowels, worse with walking and change of position |
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Term
| Non septic arthritis + conjunctivitis/iritis + arthritis |
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Definition
Reactive arthritis 36
Eg. to Chlamydia urogenital infection, Salmonella, Shigella, etc. |
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Term
| Young male + Low back pain + worse at night and in the morning + relief with exercise + back stiffness |
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Definition
Ankylosing spondylitis 15-30yo 39
Diagnosis: xray confirms sacroilitis, bone scans and CTs, ESR elevated, HLA B27 antigen positive in over 90% of cases |
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Term
| Arthralgia + purpuric rash + abdo pain |
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Definition
Henoch Schonlein purpura 40
Most common vasculitis in children
Typically follows an URTI/tonsillitis |
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Term
| Bruising + oral bleeding + epistaxis |
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Definition
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Term
| Spontaneous haemarthrosis + muscle bleeds + delayed bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
| Unilateral tinnitus + hearing loss + unsteady gait |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute vertigo + nausea + vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| (Acute vertigo + nausea + vomiting) + hearing loss +/- tinnitus |
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Definition
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Term
| Vertigo + vomiting + tinnitus + sensorineural deafness |
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Definition
Meniere syndrome 47
Build up of endolymph, 30-50yo, uprupt onset, nystagmus only during attack |
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Term
1) Malaise + anorexia + dyspepsia + weight loss OR
2) Triple loss of appetite + weight + colour |
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Definition
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Term
| Fatigue + dysphagia + weight loss |
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Definition
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Term
| Gritty eye pain + purulent discharge, lids stuck together + normal vision |
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Definition
| Bacterial conjunctivitis 52 |
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Term
| Gritty eye pain + watery discharge + normal vision + follicular inflammation |
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Definition
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Term
| Papillary swellings on lid linings + itchy, watery eyes + normal vision |
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Definition
| Allergic (vernal) conjunctivitis 52 |
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Term
| Oedema of eye lids + itchy, watery eyes + possible blurred vision |
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Definition
| Contact hypersensitivity 52 |
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Term
| Dendritic ulcer + gritty eye pain + reflex lacrimation |
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Definition
| Herpes simplex keratitis 52 |
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Term
| Localised deep red eye + pain + no photophobia + normal pupil |
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Definition
| Scleritis/episcleritis 52 |
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Term
| Eye pain radiating to brow/temple/nose + blurred vision + constricted, possibly irregular pupil |
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Definition
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Term
| Severe eye pain + N/V + haloes around lights + dilated pupils/absent light reflex + hazy cornea |
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Definition
| Acute closed angle glaucoma 52 |
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Term
| Red tender swelling of lid margin usually medial side |
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Definition
| External hordeolum/Stye - acute abscess of lash follicle, usually due to S. aureus 52 |
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Term
| Tender irritating lump in the lid |
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Definition
| Internal hordeolum/granuloma of meibomian cyst/Chalazion 52 |
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Term
| Unilateral swollen eyelids + restricted, painful eye movements + proptosis + sinus tenderness |
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Definition
| Orbital (post-septal) cellulitis 52 |
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Term
| Unilateral swollen eyelids + NO restricted, painful eye movements + proptosis + sinus tenderness |
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Definition
| Peri-orbital (preseptal) cellulitis 52 |
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Term
| Yellowish elevated nodular growth on either side of cornea in area of palpabral fissure |
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Definition
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Term
| Fleshy overgrowth of conjunctiva onto nasal side of cornea |
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Definition
Pterygium 52
In adults living in dry, dusty, windy areas |
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Term
| Fever/rigors + upper abdo pain + jaundice |
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Definition
Acute cholangitis 59
Bacterial infection of the bile ducts, eg. secondary to gallstones, cancer or biliary strictures |
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Term
| Jaundice + constitutional symptoms + epigastric pain radiating to the back |
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Definition
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Term
| Painful swallowing + referred ear pain + hoarseness |
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Definition
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Term
| Discoloured urine + periorbital oedema + oliguria |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteinuria + generalised oedema + waxy pallor |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Arthralgia lower limbs + buttocks/legs rash + abdo pain |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Respiratory symptoms + vomiting + mental changes + seizure/coma |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Pallor + drowsiness + fever |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Pallor + abdo pain + inactivity |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Malaise + fever + chorea + polyarthritis + rash |
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Definition
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Term
| Child <12 mo: Drowsy + cough + wheeze |
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Definition
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Term
| Child <3mo, usually male: weakness + weight loss + projectile vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| Neonate: vomiting after first feeds + drooling + abdo distension |
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Definition
| Oesophageal or duodenal atresia 81 |
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Term
| Child: Malaise + pallor + bone pain |
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Definition
| Acute lymphatic leukaemia 81 |
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Term
| Child: Malaise + pallor + oral problems (gingival hypertrophy, bleeding, ulceration) |
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Definition
| Acute myeloid leukaemia 81 |
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Term
| Child: Abdo pain + pallor + a/n/v |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Abdo pain + malar flush + fever + URTI |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Gastro + malaise + severe abdo pain |
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Definition
| Haemolytic uraemic sydndrome 81 |
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Term
| Child: Drowsy + tachypnoea + chest wall recession |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Drowsy + fever + purpuric rash |
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Definition
| Meningococcal septicaemia 81 |
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Term
| Child: Lethargy + drooling + snoring stridor |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: URTI + brassy cough + inspiratory stridor |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Cough + wheeze + chest wall recession |
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Definition
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Term
| Child: Fever + conjunctivitis + skin changes |
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Definition
Kawasaki syndrome 81
Skin: cracked red lips, maculopapular rash, palmar erythema, desquamated fingertips |
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Term
| Child: Fever + malaise + a/n/v + anaemia |
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Definition
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Term
| Mid to low back pain + inability to touch toes + kyphosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Older child: knee pain after activity + tender knee lump + pain on kneeling |
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Definition
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Term
| Adolescent: limp + knee pain + hip pain |
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Definition
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Term
| Amenorrhoea + lower abdo pain + abnormal vaginal bleeding |
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Definition
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Term
| Dysmenorrhoea + menorrhagia + abdo/pelvic pain |
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Definition
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Term
| Genital pruritis + soreness + white wrinkled plaques |
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Definition
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Term
| Young female + nulliparous + dyspareunia |
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Definition
| Vulvar vestibular syndrome/vestibulitis 99 |
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Term
| Patch of complete hair loss + clean scalp + exclamation mark hairs |
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Definition
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Term
| Stressful event + 2-3 months gap til diffuse hair loss + 'white bulbs' |
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Definition
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Term
| Fair females under 5 + thin wispy hair + easy loss with pulling |
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Definition
| Loose anagen syndrome 120 |
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