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MUNM 3113 Test One (Goza)
N/A
44
Music
Undergraduate 3
02/23/2009
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Term
Aesthetics
 Definition
a branch of philosophy concerned with ideas of beauty, pleasure, enjoyment, form and affect
Term
Affect
 Definition
The power in an object or experience that makes a person feel something in response.
Term
Chords
 Definition
Tones that sound simultaneously
Term
Culture
 Definition
The way of life of a people, transmitted from one generation to the next.
Term
Free Rhythm
 Definition
A rhythm without a recurring accent pattern
Term
Genre
 Definition
A named standard unit of the repertory. Genre can refer to types of music as well and sometimes is used to describe a musical style that is synonymous with its genre (for example, bluegrass.)
Term
Harmony
 Definition
Music that accompanies a melody
Term
Heterophonic Texture
 Definition
Two or more voices or instruments elaborating the same melody in slightly different ways.
Term
Homophonic Texture
 Definition
A dominant melody with an accompanying harmony.
Term
Interval
 Definition
The distance in pitch between two tones
Term
Major Scale
 Definition
The familiar do-re-mi-fa-so-la-ti-do of Euro-American music. The white keys on the piano, from C to c, yield the major scale.
Term
Melody
 Definition
The principal tune in a piece of music, consisting of a succession of tones in a particular rhythm over a period of time
Term
Metrical Rhythm
 Definition
A rhythm with a recurring accent pattern
Term
Monophonic Texture
 Definition
A single melody
Term
Musical Analysis
 Definition
A procedure in which patterns in music are revealed by breaking the music into its component parts and determining how the parts operate together to make the whole.
Term
Musical Form
 Definition
The structure of a musical piece or performance; ;how it is put together (what patterns it has) and how it works.
Term
Musical Phrase
 Definition
A small series of musical tones that is understood as a meaningful group or unit
Term
Musical Style
 Definition
The way musical sound is organized, depending on a music-culture's aesthetics
Term
Octave
 Definition
Two tones, the second of which is exactly twice the frequency of the first. When men and women sing the same melody, they usually sing an octave apart.
Term
Pitch
 Definition
the "frequency" of a tone, depending on the vibrations of its sound waves in cycles per second.
Term
Polyphonic Texture
 Definition
A combination of two or more distinct melodies
Term
Rhythm
 Definition
Time-relationship among a succession of sounds.
Term
Scale
 Definition
An ordered, step-wise arrangement of all the principal tones in the octave within a piece of music.
Term
Texture
 Definition
The relationship of melodies and harmony
Term
Timbre
 Definition
The quality that gives voices and instruments their characteristic sound; why a trumpet sounds different from a violin even when they play the same pitch.
Term
Tone
 Definition
A musical sound with a definite pitch
Term
Call-and-response
 Definition
A musical form in which one part seems to be linked as a “response” to the previous part. The response part appears to be an “answer” or “comment” on the first or “call” part.
Term
Enemyway ceremony
 Definition
An elaborate curing ritual among the Navajos featuring many songs and war drama
Term
Falsetto
 Definition
A high voice that comes from the head rather than the chest.
Term
Flageolet
 Definition
An end-blown instrument like the recorder except that two of the holes are in the back and closed with the thumbs, whereas on the recorder one is in the back and is closed with the left thumb.
Term
Native American Church
 Definition
A religous movement that began in Mexico in the nineteenth century and spread to the United States, particularly in the American Southwest. Its music, rituals and beliefs combine Christian and Native elements.
Term
Portamento
 Definition
Sounding all the frequencies between two pitches of an interval in sequence, upward or downward, as in the sound produced by a slide-whistle; synonymous with portamento
Term
Slide
 Definition
Sounding all the frequencies between two pitches of an interval in sequence, upward or downward, as in the sound produced by a slide-whistle; synonymous with slide
Term
Tail
 Definition
The last brief section of a song; an Indian term similar to Coda in Western classical theory
Term
Tempo
 Definition
The apparent speed of a piece of music; how slow or fast it appears to be going.
Term
Tonic
 Definition
In western music theory, the basic tone, or note, of a melody or a section of a piece; the most important pitch; usually the pitch that occurs most often; often the last tone of a melody, the pitch that the melody seems to be gravitating toward.
Term
Vocables
 Definition
syllables that do not make up words
Term
Postal Workers (song 1)
 Definition
o Starts off with whistling and drums
o 5 Points
 Post office at the University of Accra, in Ghana
 They are whistling the hymn “Bompata”
 The men are canceling stamps
 Two men whistling, three making percussive sounds
 Each stamp gets canceled multiple times
Term
Sioux Grass Dance
 Definition
o Starts off with coyote-like sounds (yelling) (unintelligible words)
o Sounds like ‘typical’ Indian music
o 5 points
 It is a falsetto
 It covers more than an octave
 It’s a traditional war dance
 The song ends on a slide
 This is vocables
Term
Zuni Lullaby
 Definition
o The old sounding woman almost talking
o 5 points
 Takes place in western New Mexico
 There are only two pitches
 The meter is flexible
 Recorded in 1950
 It contrasts plains singing (No typical Indian style)
Term
Iroquois River Dance
 Definition
o Starts off with one guy saying “cono hono swee gay he ha”
o Has one guy singing in the background
o Homophonic
o 5 points
 Called “Gadasjot”
 Also called Warrior’s Stomp Dance
 Uses the “call-and-response” form
 The dancers follow the leader’s “short jog step”
 They use a cow-horn rattle
Term
Navajo Yeiibechaii
 Definition
o Starts off with a whoop
o 5 points
 From the “Nightway ceremony”
 Yeiibichai means “Gods-their-grandfathers”
 Occurs on the last night of a 9 night ceremony
 The masked dancers are impersonating the gods and bringing supernatural powers and blessings to help cure a sick person
 Has lots of falsetto singing.
Term
Navajo Shizhanee
 Definition
o Starts off humming “oooooooo” then “ha nay yah” repeated
o 5 points
 Means “I’m in luck”
 The girl is plowed and leaning on the window to keep herself up
 A satire against the fact that guys are typically the ones who drink too much
 Meant to make the girls laugh
 The song offers courtship opportunities
Term
Navajo Peyote Song
 Definition
o The Hymn from the Native American Church
o They use a water drum and a rattle to accompany the singing
o Starts off with a baby’s rattle and an old sounding Indian chanting
o 5 points
 A hymn from the Native American Church
 They use a water drum
 No words, the meaning comes from the simple vocables
 The peyote rattle is make from a gourd mounted on a stick
 Many listeners use a fan made of feathers to waft the fragrance of the incense toward them.
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