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Origin of Slavery
•Whites never did allow AA to use their facilities and segregation just created AA facilities |
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Origin of Slavery
•Came from AA wanting independence and pressure from whites to whites
•Firmly established before the segregation laws |
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Reconstruction
•The records were not that bad and the Republicans in congress were not just working for personal gain |
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Reconstruction
•Had been an effort to create a more democratic society
•The goods of the system were overlooked
(i)Launched the Niagara Movement |
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Causes of Civil War
•Union fought to preserve the U against the aggressive S |
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Causes of the Civil War
•Those who believed the war was accidental vs. an irresponsible conflict between opposing/enduring forces
1)Bought Alaska and also annexed the Midway Islands |
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(a)The Soviet govt. announced the formation of the Communist International whose purpose was to export revolution around the world
(b)Started the American Communist Party |
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(a)Believed that blacks should take pride in their culture (which dominated that of white society)
(b)Created the United Negro Improvement Association
(i)Built and ran black grocery stores
(c)Accused of business fraud and sent to Jamaica |
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1)Irreconcilables- opposed of the treaty in the Senate
(a)PERSON- chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee
(i)Tried everything to hinder or change the treaty |
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1)Recommendations for adjusting postwar boundaries and to create new nations from the AH and Ottoman Empires
2)Principles to govern international conduct
3)Proposal for a League of Nations
4)Prez. Wilson-- “Liberalism is the only thing that can save civilization from chaos” |
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| Committee on Public Information (CPI) |
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(a)Directed by George Creel
(b)Supervised the distribution on pro-war literature (Newspapers, posters, etc) |
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(i)Created the Woman’s Peace Party
•Represented the “mother half of humanity”
(b)National American Woman Suffrage Association
(i)Dedicated to advancing the war effort
(ii)Later joined by PERSON
2)NAWSA- National American Woman Suffrage Association
(a)Founded by PERSON |
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| Idea from Wilson that after the war, the US would help maintain peace throughout the world |
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(a)Added to the Monroe Doctrine
(b)Could intervene in neighbor nation’s issues if they were “unfit” to do so themselves |
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| (a)From the war, the Japanese became the largest naval power in the Pacific; the US sent what they called the “NAME” to keep them from becoming too powerful |
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regulated child labor
(a)Banned the sale of goods made by underage workers across state lines |
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Ballinger- Pinchot Dispute
(a)SOI Garfield was replaced by Ballinger
(b)Glavis charged the new SOI with trying to turn over coal lands in Alaska to businesses
(i)Pinchot wanted Ballinger fired, but Taft refused |
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| Provided federal funds to construct water ways |
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(b)Upton Sinclair- The Jungle
(i)Pushed R to pass the NAME |
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The Socialist Party
(a)PERSON was the candidate in 1912
--American Railway Union- leader |
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| Industrial Workers of the World |
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(a)Known as the Wobblies
(b)Under the leadership of William “Big Bill” Haywood |
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(a)Chaired by William Dillingham
(b)Wanted to limit certain races of immigrants |
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3)Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
(a)Many died because management had locked the emergency exits to prevent malingering
(b)Caused Robert Wagner and Alfred Smith, two members of NAME, to start a series of labor laws that imposed strict regulation on factory owners
2)Charles Francis Murphy
(a)Current leader of NAME
4)William Tweed- most famous leader |
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(a)Turned Wisconsin into a “laboratory of progressivism”
(b)“Reform was not just the job of politicians, but also of newspapers etc. |
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| Gave voters the right to remove a public official from office at a special number of citizens had signed a petition |
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(a)Proposed by the Populist Party
(b)Provided a method by which actions of the legislature could be returned to the electorate for approval |
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(a)Proposed by the Populist Party
(b)Allowed reformers to circumvent state legislatures altogether by submitting new legislation directly to the voters in general elections |
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5)PERSON- National Woman’s Party
(a)Believed that more laws were needed to protect all women’s rights |
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Considered the industrial tycoons as belonging to the “Leisure Class”
Wanted power to be given to the highly trained engineers |
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--The Salvation Army- an example of the fusion b/t religion and reform
--Charles Sheldon- In His Steps
---About a minister who left money to help the needy
--Walter Rauschenbusch
---Believed that all people should work to ensure a humanitarian evolution of the social fabric
--Father John A. Ryan
---Responded to the belief that the poor were slaves to the small rich class and said that they needed the assistance of the church |
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| studied the Standard Oil trust |
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B)The Philippine War
1)Filipino guerillas led by PERSON
(a)It took Gen. Arthur McArthur saying that they guerillas supported their leaders to get the US army to become more hostile
2)The war began to die down when Aguinaldo signed a treaty with the US supporting their cause; he left the government forever
3)When they gained control over the Philippines, William Taft was named their first civil governor
(a)He said that the purpose of US was to prepare them for independence
(i)He gave them much local autonomy |
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A fervent anti-imperialist, he backed ratification of the gaining of the Philippines because he wanted the topic to become more national so that he could use it for his election in 1900
A)The Emergence of PERSON- The Election of 1896
1)Rep: William McKinley- opposed the silver currency
2)Dem Convention
(a)Two proposals
(i)Majority Report- called for tariff reductions and free silver
(ii)Minority Report- opposed free silver
3)Cross of Gold Speech- PERSON
(a)Related the denial of free silver to Jesus’ crucifixion
(b)He was later nominated for the Dem. position
B)The Conservative Victory
1)PERSON became the first candidate to go from city to city and flat out state that he wanted to become the next president |
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| Declared that PR would be granted citizenship in the US |
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3)The Cuban Revolutionary Party
(a)Leader PERSON killed in Cuba |
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--US wanted a naval base set up on Pago Pago
---Done under Hayes
--Great Britain, Germany, and the US fought over the rights to NAME
---In the end, Germany and the US split the islands for themselves |
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-Helped organize the first Pan-American Congress
--Along with 19 nations, created the Pan-American Union- which would distribute information to member nations
--The Half-breeds- led by PERSON |
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-Countries with sea power were the great nations in history
-Suggested that the US build a canal across the isthmus of Central America and acquire Hawaii and other Pacific islands |
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-The closing of the frontier
-Feared that natural resources would dwindle
1)Wrote “The Significance of the Frontier in American History
(a)The frontier is now gone and apart of normal America |
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(a)Created a massive public works program to create jobs and to inflate the currency
(b)When that didn’t work, he left for Washington DC with “PERSON'S Army”; were arrested and Coxey found guilty of walking on the grass |
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--attracted support by attacking the planter aristocracy (known as Bourbons)
-leader of the Confederacy |
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(a)“Raise less corn and more hell”
(b)Known as the Kansas Pythoness |
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1)The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
(a)Started by a tour of Agriculture Department official PERSON
(b)First used to help farmers learn of new agricultural technologies
(i)Also to ease loneliness
(c)Gained many members through the depression of 1873 |
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| The govt. donated land to states for the establishment of universities |
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(a)Developed by Henry James, William James, and Charles Pierce
(b)Believed that modern society should rely on scientific inquiry, not beliefs or religions |
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2)The Ashcan School
(a)First Americans to appreciate expressionism and abstraction
(b)Helped stage the “Armory Show”
(c)Began the NAME movement |
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| First intercollegiate game was between NAMES |
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--wrote How the Other Half Lives
(a)Discussed the poor conditions of tenements
(b)Believed that the govt. should raze all slums, but not build any more housing in its place |
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1)Cleared away old neighborhoods and streets to create better ones
2)Columbian Exposition in Chicago- 1893
(a)Exhibited the “Great White City”
(b)Daniel Burnham, the creator of the “Great White City” |
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| Immigration Restriction League |
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--Founded by 500 Harvard alumni
--Wanted to screen immigrants, through tests, to separate the desirable from the undesirable |
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labor organization for coal
a)Operated within the Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish fraternal society, and sometimes used terrorist tactics |
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a)Looking Backward described the experiences of a young Bostonian who went into a hypnotic sleep and woke in 2000 to find a new social order where want, politics, and vice were unknown
iClass divisions disappeared as the government took control of all |
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a)Progress and Poverty tried to explain why poverty existed amidst the wealth created by modern industry
b)Proposed a single tax, to replace all other taxes, and would return the increment to the people
--Chinese were a part of an barbaric and uncivilized society; they should be excluded |
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a)Was a Darwinist, but did not associate it with people
b)In Dynamic Sociology, he argued that civilization was not governed by natural selection, but by human intelligence |
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1)Social Darwinism-
a)Only the fittest individuals survive and flourish in the marketplace
b)Supported by PERSON in his book Folkways |
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“Scientific Management” or “Taylorism”
--SM was a way to manage human labor to make it compatible with the
---demands of the machine age
--Also to increase the employer’s control of the workplace
-Urged employers to subdivide tasks |
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| Wrote the Virgin Land, about how the West was thought of as a Garden of Eden |
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1)Romanticized cowboys in books, such as The Virginian by PERSON
(a)his encouraged the Wild West Shows |
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| could buy 160 acres of land for a small price if they lived their for five years and improved it |
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-Chinatowns
--Began in San Francisco, where most Chinese migrated
--Run by leading merchants (NAME) in San Francisco
---Kept the people safe from outsiders and worked as brokers, unions, and festival planners |
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| American Protection Association |
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-Founded by Henry Bowers
-Purpose was to stop the immigrant tide |
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| started an international movement; wanted to create anti-lynching laws |
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| voided the grandfather law, but allowed the lit tests |
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| Cumming vs. County Board of Education- 1899 |
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| Separate schools were valid even if not equal |
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| First female bank prez when she founded St. Luke Penny Savings |
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(a)Wanted the S to change their debt payment plans to add more for public services
(b)In 1879, they occupied the Legislature and went to gov. and senator |
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(a)U = George Meade; C = Lee
(b)Pickett’s Charge
(i)15,000 Conf. marched on open fields and were slaughtered
(c)Union victory |
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| organized by Dorothy Dix to recruit women to work in field hospitals |
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any slave in the Union Army is free
(a)Later, another act in 1862 freed all slaves of anyone who helped |
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The West
Emphasized the experiences of different areas as diverse |
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Populism
Populists were members of a cooperative crusade battling against the coercive potential of the merging corporate state |
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Progressive Reform
Prog. was a response to dislocations in American life- there had been rapid changes in economy, but not social or political |
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Progressive Reform
Prog. was an effort to regulate business done by the corporate leaders themselves |
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Progressive Reform
oProgressives were people suffering from “status anxiety”- upper-middle-class families seeking to restore their fading prestige |
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Populism
oDescribed Populists as people reacting rationally and progressively to economic misfortune
oPopulists were part of the democratic West, resisting pressures from the more aristocratic east |
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| Believed that all people should work to ensure a humanitarian evolution of the social fabric |
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| Tom Watson and Jeff Davis attracted support by attacking the planter aristocracy (known as Bourbons) |
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| Industrial Workers of the World |
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(a)Known as the Wobblies
(b)Under the leadership of William “Big Bill” Haywood |
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