1. Use relevant graphics and text to communicate content
2. Integrate the text nearby the graphic on the screen
3. Write in a conversational style using first and second person

Contiguity Principle

1. Use relevant graphics and text to communicate content
2. Integrate the text nearby the graphic on the screen
3. Write in a conversational style using first and second person

1. Use relevant graphics and text to communicate content
2. Integrate the text nearby the graphic on the screen
3. Write in a conversational style using first and second person

Personalization Principle

1. Script virtual coaches to present instructional content such as examples and hints via audio.
2.  Break content down into small topic chunks that can be accessed at the learner’s preferred rate.
3.   Teach important concepts and facts prior to procedures or processes.

Segmentation Principle

1. Script audio in a conversational style using first and second person.
2. Teach important concepts and facts prior to procedures or processes.
3. Break content down into small topic chunks that can be accessed at the learner’s preferred rate.

Pretraining Principle.

1. Script virtual coaches to present instructional content such as examples and hints via audio.
2. Break content down into small topic chunks that can be accessed at the learner’s preferred rate.
3. Do not present words as both onscreen text and narration when there are graphics on the screen.