Term
|
Definition
| limited almost to nationality and ethnicity. |
|
|
Term
| Cross-cultural similarities |
|
Definition
| Clothing, religious symbols, mental processes, bodily functions, customs, rituals, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an exaggerated preference for one’s group and concomitant dislike of other groups. a building block for negative racial prejudice. tendency to believe that one's ethnic or cultural group is centrally important, and that all other groups are measured in relation to one's own. individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language, behavior, customs, and religion. These ethnic distinctions and sub-divisions serve to define each ethnicity's unique cultural identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| encompasses the concept of all the dimensions of identity on which individuals differ, including “race, ethnicity, language, sexual, orientation, gender age, disability, class status, education, religious/spiritual orientation, and other cultural dimensions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| culturally competent practitioners’ only use instruments whose validity and reliability have been established for use with members of the population tested, and they take the client’s personal, linguistic and cultural differences into account when interpreting results. A number of authors have expressed strong concern about the inappropriate use of assessment tools with ethnoracial minorities, including concerns with misdiagnosing psychopathology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what makes people do what they do. Knowledge of this theory is useful to managers who wish to get the most out of their employees.
1. Identification
believe people have an innate need to succeed or to reach a high level of attainment.
Significance
---the need to succeed---as a foundation for all human motivation.
Features
tends to feed on itself. That is, people who experience great levels of success are motivated to strive for more success.
Expert Insight
that people who achieve high levels of excellence tend to regard those who do not as not having tried hard enough, while those who are not high achievers tend to see those who are as being lucky. |
|
|
Term
| The role of culture in psychological/ developmental theories |
|
Definition
| Research theories for over 100 years were based predominately on upper middle class white male, the inclusion of (culture) adds diversity to theoretical development and dispersion. |
|
|
Term
| Primary issues concerning culture and psychological research |
|
Definition
| Much of psychological research is narrowly limited to the prominent group of upper class white males and lacks cultural diversity. |
|
|
Term
| Culture and mental health / diagnostic issues |
|
Definition
Most tests were not normed with diverse populations, and are thus not free of bias.
Also, diagnostic tools can not always assess culturally diverse people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generally negative attribution or forms of devaluations of others. They are perceptions and assumptions about individual(s) on the basis of their group affiliation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unreasonable feeling, opinions, or attitudes, especially of a hostile nature a group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Beliefs or doctrine that inherent differences among various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one’s own race is “superior” and has the right to rule others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Metaphor for culture; part of the iceberg is immediately visible, part of it is submerged, its foundations go deep beneath the surface so the water level covers them up.
Unseen are unspoken rules, unconscious rules, traditions, customs, rituals…. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists are encouraged to recognized that, as cultural beings, they may hold attitudes and beliefs that can detrimentally influence their perceptions of and interactions with individuals who are ethnically and racially different from themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists are encouraged to recognize the importance of multicultural sensitivity/responsiveness, knowledge of, and understanding about ethnically and racially different individuals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As educators, psychologists are encouraged to employ the constucts of multiculturalism and diversity in psychological education. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Culturally sensitive psychological researchers are encouraged to recognize the importance of conducting culture-centered and ethical psychological research among persons from ethnic, linguistic, and racial minority backgrounds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychologists are encouraged to apply culturally appropriate skills in clinical and other applied psychological practices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Professionals are encouraged to use organizational change processes to support culturally informed organizational (policy) development and practices. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Is a way of improving relations among groups that are experiencing conflict. Under appropriate conditions interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members each member must be given
equal status, cooperative activity for a common goal (work together), personal interaction (interdependence), and social norms
Suggests that intergroup cooperation "reduces the salience of the intergroup boundary" while it reduces bias.
When there is cooperative interdependence (teamwork), personalization, and equity in status, positive intergroup attitudes may develop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief systems or value orientations that influence customs, norms, practices and social institutions |
|
|
Term
| multiculturalism includes |
|
Definition
all dimensions of identity on which individuals differ:
race, ethnicity,language, sexual orientation, gender,age, disability, class status, education, religion, ect. |
|
|
Term
| cross cultural psychology |
|
Definition
| human behavior and mental process, including both their variability and invariance, under diverse cultural conditions. Through expanding research methodologies to recognise cultural variance in behaviour, language and meaning, it seeks to extend, develop and transform psychology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
assumption that the worldview of one's own culture is central to all reality.
expects everyone to think and behave like him after,
the assumption of the “centrality” of one’s own culture lies at the root of racism, negative evaluations of dissimilar cultures, and the construction of in-group/out-group distinctions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
promote the exercise of one's goals and desires and so independence and self-reliance
while opposing most external interference upon one's own interests, whether by society, family or any other group or institution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| philosophic, political, economic or social outlook that emphasizes the interdependence of every human in some group and the priority of group goals over individual goals.usually focus on community, society or nation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| demographic variables, such as age, gender, and place of residence; status variables, such as social, educational, and economic level; and affiliation variables to formal and informal groups, in addition to ethnographic variables of nationality ethnicity, religion, and language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attribute a series of traits to them based on the one trait that signals their membership in a particular group. Common contemporary stereotypes are that Asians are hardworking and studious, Hispanics are macho, and that librarians are introverts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refer to a negative view of one group of people based solely on their membership in that group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a negative view of one group of people based solely on their membership in and ethnic group. involving prejudicial attitudes or behavior towards members of an ethnic group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the vast majority of study participants were, White, middle class students
assume that results applied to all populations.
failed to consider, or even to assess, the many differences within ethnoracial groups that may be due to region of the country, language, socioeconomic status, education or national origin. Staistical control of race or gender does not allow a researcher to incorporate culture as a central variable. The result is that behavior is inappropriately interpreted or is too often indentified as pathological. |
|
|
