Term
| Name and describe the two types of recitative common in the 18th century? |
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Definition
1. Simple Recitative (Secco-dry) - acc. by basso continuo - dialogue is set to speech-like fashion 2. Accompanied recitative - used the orchestra to dramatize tense, emotional situations |
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Term
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Definition
Da capo (from the head) 3 sections (ternary form) ABA' A'-ornamintation and variation on orginal A |
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Term
| Contrast Opera Seria and Opera Buffa |
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Definition
Opera Seria always in Italian arias=longer, serious, bigger climax 6-7 singers, 3 Acts Alternates between recetitive and arias orchestra is less important based on mythology and historical events
Opera Buffa grew from Intermezzo between scnenes of Opera seria arias=shorter, less serious ensembles are more important in vernicular gallant=short phrases production is more modern
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Term
| How does the Classical period differ from the late Baroque in texture, harmony, and melody? |
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Definition
Classical texture-more homophonic harmony-simpler, slower, periodic melody-tuneful, vocal in character, balanced, also periodic 2 most important elements-Italian Opera & German orchestral music
Baroque texture-more polyphonic harmony-faster changing melody-more complex
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Term
| Who are the two leading composers for keyboard? Name and describe the prominent genres (type, styles, forms) in which they composed? |
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Definition
Domenico Scarlatti C.P.E. Bach (1714-1788) type-keyboard pieces style-empfindsamer stil (sentimental style): suprising harmonic twists, chromaticism, irregular rhythms contrasts in mood and dynamics
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Term
| Describe a symphony and the typical classical orchestra that would perform it. |
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Definition
Orchestral genre: usually 4 mvt.; evolved from 3-mvt. Italian Opera overture (F.S.F) into independent instrumental music Each mvt. contrasts in tempo, character, and mood Instruments: strings-1st and 2nd violins, violas, cellos, & basses woodwinds-2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, and 2 bassoons brass-2 horns, & 2 trumpets percussion-2 tympani
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Term
Name and describe the three portions of sonata form. In what kinds of movements is it most frequently used? |
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Definition
Optional Intro Exposition: 2 contrasting themes, 4 total themes Development: lots of modulation, variation, and resolves back to V (dom.) Recapulition: A-transition----B-closing them: Main melody either re-written or modulates to another key and then back to tonic Optional Coda |
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Term
| Describe and diagram theme-and-variation form. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe and diagram minuet-and-trio form. |
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Definition
ABA (ternary) usually form of 3rd mvt in symphonies=made symphonies 4 mvts now triple meter usually in a dance style |
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Term
| Describe and diagram rondo form. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name and gives dates for the three Mozart operas written with librettist Lorenzo da Ponte. |
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Definition
Le nozze de Figaro (1786) Don Giovanni (1787) Cosi fan tutte (1790) |
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Term
| How is Don Giovanni a typical opera buffa? What elements from opera seria does it contain? |
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Definition
Leporello has wants his master to have his morals too. Don Giovanni-has no morals, cival, or sexual self-restraint
Similar to opera seria: |
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Term
| Name and describe the most common form for the first movement of a Classical period solo concerto. |
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Definition
Double exposition sonata form:
1st expo. Orch. Only no modulation.
2nd expo. Soloist + theme bridge
Development. New theme plus cadenza
recapitulation. Ends with 2nd, longer cadenza. |
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Term
| Into how many chronological periods are Beethoven's works traditionally divided? For each give dates, some characteristics, and at least two works. |
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Definition
| First PeriodPiano sonatas influenced by Haydn, Mozart, Muzio Clementi, Jan Ladislav Dussek• Op.13 in C minor “Pathétique” (no.8) • Op. 27/2 in C# minor “Moonlight” (no.14)
Middle Period• “Heroic,” also ”“rugged independence” • “Promethean” expansion of forms and other musical aspects • Leading composer for piano; equal of Haydn and Mozart in chamber and symphonic writing Symphony No. 3 (“Eroica”) in Eb major, Op.55 (1803; first perf’d 1805)• Originally dedicated to Napoleon Bonaparte (champion of liberty); Beethoven angry when Napoleon appointed himself Emperor• New dedication to Prince Maximilian Lobkowitz• This symphony a watershed event in Romantic music history & history of symphony • First movement extraordinarily long: development extended• In EXPO no clear-cut B theme in dominant key area (measure 57? measure 83?)• DEV incl. new theme (in what key?) • CODA extended to balance lengthy development Beethoven’s Late Period• Composed more slowly—why?• Some of the music is more tranquil and meditative (“introspective”) • Piano sonatas Opp. 101, 106 (“Hammerklavier”), 111 • Ninth Symphony Op. 125 (1824) uses voices, forever changes definition of “symphony” |
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