Term
How does numbness influence massage choices?
a. Numb areas can tolerate deep, effective massage for tissue rehabilitation
b. Numb areas must be completely avoided
c. Numb areas have no implications for massage
d. Numb areas can be incorporated into massage without intention to change the tissue |
|
Definition
d. Numb areas can be incorporated into massage without intention to change the tissue |
|
|
Term
What are cautions about massage for Alzheimer disease patients?
a. Alzheimer disease is potentially contagious, so patients should only receive massage in a subacute stage
b. Alzheimer disease may impair the ability to communicate so massage therapists must be sensitive to nonverbal signals
c. Alzhemer disease involves numbness so massage therapists must be careful not to work in those areas.
d. Alzheimer disease can cause clients to shake uncontrollably so massage therapists must work to reduce tremor . |
|
Definition
b. Alzheimer disease may impair the ability to communicate so massage therapists must be sensitive to nonverbal signals |
|
|
Term
What is a distinguishing feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?
a. progressive loss of memory and mental capacity
b. progressive loss of balance and coordination
c. progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle
d. progressive loss of myelin sheeths in the CNS |
|
Definition
c. progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle
|
|
|
Term
What condition involves degeneration of the myelin sheaths in the central nervous system, leading to cross circuits of nerve transmission?
a. Polio
b. Guillain-Barre syndrome
c. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
d. multiple sclerosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A client with multiple sclerosis wants to receive massage. What should her therapist do?
a. perform the massage normally as long as sensation is present
b. perform the massage normally with special focus and pressure on numb areas to improve circulation
c. perform vigorous massage, and follow it with a soak in a hot tub
d. not work with this client until a doctor's permission has been obtained |
|
Definition
a. perform the massage normally as long as sensation is present |
|
|
Term
How does dystonia differ from tremor?
a. dystonia involves rhythmic oscillations in a fixed plane; tremor does not
b. tremor involves rhythmic oscillations in a fixed plane; dystonia does not
c. dystonia is painful; tremor is not
d. tremor is a central nervous system issue; dystonia is not |
|
Definition
b. tremor involves rhythmic oscillations in a fixed plane; dystonia does not |
|
|
Term
What is a typical symptom of Parkinson disease?
a. dystonia
b. torticollis
c. resting tremor
d. paralysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the leading sign or sysmptom of herpes zoster?
a. cold sores
b. pain that can outlast the active infection
c. numbness in the affected areas
d. uncontrollable muscle spasms |
|
Definition
b. pain that can outlast the active infection
|
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a common complication of shingles?
a. post herpetic neuralgia
b. polyneuropathy
c. post polio syndrom
d. bell palsy |
|
Definition
a. post herpetic neuralgia
|
|
|
Term
Who is most at risk for meningitis?
a. men over 50 years old
b. women over 65 years old
c. children under 5 years old
d. adolescents of either gender |
|
Definition
c. children under 5 years old
|
|
|
Term
This disorder involves chronic, exaggerated, consuming worry and the cnstant anticipation of disaster. What is it?
a. obsessive compulsive disorder
b. general anxiety disorder
c. post traumatic stress disorder
d. dysthymia |
|
Definition
b. general anxiety disorder
|
|
|
Term
What are three behaviors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
a. poor impulse control, facial tics, impaired cognition
b. inattention, substance abuse, impusivity
c. mood swings, hyper focus, repetitive movements
d. poor impulse control, inattention, uncontrolled movement |
|
Definition
d. poor impulse control, inattention, uncontrolled movement |
|
|
Term
What is the major risk for a massage therapist working with a client who has autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
a. this client may not feel that touch is a positive sensation.
b. this client may not have sensation
c. this client may misinterpret the therapist's intentions
d. this client may have seizures in response to touch |
|
Definition
a. this client may not feel that touch is a positive sensation. |
|
|
Term
What is physical addiction?
a. the user loves how he feels when he uses the substance
b. the user needs to avoid withdrawal symptoms
c. the user receives counseling during rehabilitation
d. the user has no symptoms of addiction |
|
Definition
b. the user needs to avoid withdrawal symptoms
|
|
|
Term
What is the dividing line between abuse and dependence?
a. people other than the user are at risk of harm
b. the user cannot fulfill obligations to work, school, or family
c. the user has legal problems relating to substance use
d. the user needs increasin amounts of the substance to achieve the same satisfaction |
|
Definition
d. the user needs increasin amounts of the substance to achieve the same satisfaction |
|
|
Term
What is the hormone secreted in excessive amounts by people with depression?
a. corticotrophin releasing hormone
b. insulin
c. leutenizing hormone
d. thyroid-stimulating hormone |
|
Definition
a. corticotrophin releasing hormone
|
|
|
Term
What eating disorder has sever complications in the form of tooth erosion, esphageal stricture, and electolyte imbalance?
a. restrictive anorexia
b. bulimia
c. binge eating disorder
d. clinical obesity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Massage for Bell Palsy is what?
a. excruciating painful and should be locally avoided
b. not expected to have any significant impact
c. important to retain the elasticity of affected muscles
d. a pssible method of communicability |
|
Definition
c. important to retain the elasticity of affected muscles
|
|
|
Term
Which is true of massage for a person with cerebral palsy?
a. it is contraindicated because of numbness
b. it can help to re-educate proprioceptors to allow more freedom of movement
c. it has no significant impact on this central nervous system disturbance
d. it is indicated as long as strokes are light and gentle |
|
Definition
b. it can help to re-educate proprioceptors to allow more freedom of movement |
|
|
Term
This condition is a birth defect in which the vertebral arch fails to close completely over the spinal cord. What is it?
a. cerebral palsy
b. spina bifida
c. muscular ditrophy
d. bell palsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a name for a cerebrovascular accident caused by a blood clot that develops in an artery?
a. hemorrhagic stroke
b. ischemic stroke
c. transient ischemic attack
d. cryptogenic stroke
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Guillain-Barre syndrome typically runs in what pattern?
a. a sudden onset of symptoms that remains stable until antibiotics are administered
b. a slow onset of symptoms that begin at the core and move distally to the extremities
c. a slow onset of symptoms that reach a peak within several months and then sometimes spontaneously resolve
d. a sudden onset of symptoms that begin at the extremities and move toward the core |
|
Definition
d. a sudden onset of symptoms that begin at the extremities and move toward the core |
|
|
Term
How are headaches that throb with the heartbeat generally classified?
a. tension
b. vascular
c. chemical
d. traction-inflammatory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What feature is unique to a "classic migraine?"
a. fever
b. prodromic euphoria
c. eyestrain
d. muscle spasm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is tinnitus?
a. inflammation of the tinneum
b. ringing in the ears
c. rotational vertigo
d. rhythmic oscillations of the eyes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How long does an average sleep cycle last?
a. 90 minutes
b. 2 hours
c. 6 hours
d. 8 hours |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The functional unit of the nervous system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
cells that support and protect neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What percentage of the nervous system is composed of neurons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What percentage of the nervous system is composed of neuroglia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the site of the nucleus of the cell and the cytoplasm which is rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a long string-like extension of the cell that sends action potentials away from the cell body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the branches of a nerve cell that carry action potentials to the cell body. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organ of the body that is innervated by somatic or autonomic motor neurons. An effector may be a muscle, gland, or blood vessel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expanded distal end of an axon terminal that contains synaptic vesicles. |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the neuron? |
|
Definition
| The purpose of the neuron is to create an action potential which is a technical term for nerve impulse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support, nourish, and form the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protects the central nervous system cells from disease by engulfing pathogens, clears away debris, cleans up injured nervous tissue in the CNS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms support network around neurons and forms insulating myelin sheath, only in the Central Nervous System. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| special ciliated cells that line the ventricles of the brain. they form cerebral spinal fluid and assist in its circulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wraps the axon and dendrites of the neurons of the Peripheral Nervous System with a myelin sheath. this sheath serves the neuron by speeding up the transmission of an impulse. |
|
|
Term
| what are the two primary ions involved in creating an action potential? |
|
Definition
| NA+ (Sodium) and K+ (Potassium) |
|
|
Term
| What is the resting membrane potential of a typical nerve cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of stimulus that must disturb the resting membrane potential enough to trigger the nerve impulse. |
|
|
Term
| what is the amount of stimulus that must disturb the resting membrane potential enough to trigger the nerve impulse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the refractory period? |
|
Definition
| the time length before resting action potential can be generated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In saltatory conduction, the nerve impulse will jump between the spaces between the nodes of Ranvier (the pieces of insulation that surround the neuron). This is faster than continuous conduction, where the nerve impulse travels down the whole unmyelinated neuron. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in continuous conduction, the nerve impulse travels down the whole unmyelinated neuron. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Myelin sheath gaps or nodes of Ranvier are the gaps (approximately 1 micrometer in length) formed between the myelin sheaths generated by different cells. A myelin sheath is a many-layered coating, largely composed of a fatty substance called myelin, that wraps around the axon of a neuron and very efficiently insulates it. At nodes of Ranvier, the axonal membrane is uninsulated and therefore capable of generating electrical activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the name of the space junction between two neurons or a neuron and an effector |
|
|
Term
| How many kinds of synapses are there and what are the types? |
|
Definition
electrical synapses
chemical synapses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allow for fast conduction as the action potential is bridged across tubules that allow ions to flow through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is no direct contact with this type. the passing on of an action potential happens through the release and reception of neurotransmitters. |
|
|
Term
The nervous system and the _______system share the greatest responsibility for maintaining homeostasis.
a. immune
b. endocrine
c. cardiovascular
d. respiratory
e. sensory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
neurons that conduct nerve impusles from the receptors to the central nervous system are
a. motor neurons
b. efferent neurons
c. interneurons
d. sensory neurons
e. association neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
processes that carry impulses to another neuron are
a. dendrites
b. axons
c. synapses
d. axon collaterals
e. myelin sheaths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following is an example of an effector?
a. interneuron
b. receptor
c. efferent neuron
d. neuron
e. glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
all of the following are part of the PNS, except:
a. neuroendocrine system
b. somatic nervous system
c. autonomic nervous systme
d. enteric nervous system
e. sympathetic branch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the neuroglia that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system are
a. Schwann cells
b. oligodendrocytes
c. microglia
d. astrocytes
e. pituicytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a group of nerve fibers in the central nervous system is called a(n)
a. axon
b. nerve
c tract
d. ganglion
e. nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
groups of neuron cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called
a. ganglia
b. nuclei
c. horns
d. tracts
e. nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the portion of the nervous system that is considered involuntary is the
a. somatic nervous system
b. sensory nervous system
c. autonomic nervous system
d. motor nervous system
e. peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
| c. autonomic nervous system |
|
|
Term
all of the following are functions of the nervous system except:
a. senses changes
b. analyzes changes
c. stores potassium
d. responses to changes
e. integrates impulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the junction between two nerve cells is called
a. neuromuscular junction
b. neuroglandular junction
c. gap junction
d. synapse
e. synaptic terminal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
neurotransmitters are stored in
a. the snyaptic cleft
b. synaptic vesicles
c. the postsynaptic neuron
d. nissl bodies
e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
neurotransmitters are released a the
a. dendrite
b. axon collateral
c. axon terminal
d. axon hillock
e cell body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
bundles of unmyelinated axons, dendrites, and neuron cell bodies are called
a. nuclei
b. white matter
c. gray matter
d. columns
e. tracts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the ____nervous system only contains all the sensory neurons and the voluntary motor neurons.
a. somatic
b. central
c. autonomic
d. enteric
e. parasympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the cranial nerves belong to the peripheral nervous system
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two divisions of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
(CNS) --> central nervous system
(PNS) --> peripheral nervous system |
|
|
Term
| motor or efferent neurons |
|
Definition
| nerve cells that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands |
|
|
Term
natural pain killers called endorphins are classified as neuropeptides
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
depression is associated with imbalances in neurotransmitters.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the subarachnoid space is located between the
a. arachnoid and pia mater
b. arachnoid and dura mater
c. dura mater and pia mater
d. bone and pia mater
e. bone and arachnoid |
|
Definition
| a. arachnoid and pia mater |
|
|
Term
the innermost layer of the meninges is the
a. pia mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. dura mater
d. subarachnoid space
e. subdural layer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the dura mater is composed of
a. smooth muscle
b. adipose tissue
c. loose connective tissue
d. dense regular connective tissue
e. dense irregular connective tissue |
|
Definition
| e. dense irregular connective tissue |
|
|
Term
the axillary nerve emerges from the
a. cervical plexus
b. brachial plexus
c. intercostal nerves
d. lumbar plexus
e. sacral plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the portion of the brain stem which is continuous with the spinal cord is the
a. cerebrum
b. pons
c. medulla oblongata
d. midbrain
e. cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the cardiovascular center, which controls the rate and force of the heartbeat and the diameter of blood vessels, is located in the
a. pons
b. cerebrum
c. diencephalon
d. medulla oblongata
e. insula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the thalamus is found in the region of the brain known as the
a. brain stem
b. diencephalon
c. cerebrum
d. cerebellum
e. hypothalamus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following areas of the brain is sometimes referred to as the "emotional brain?"
a. reticular activating system
b. thalamus
c. brain stem
d. limbic system
e. cerebellum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the primary visual area is located in the
a. occipital lobe
b. temporal lobe
c. frontal lobe
d. Broca's area
e. lateral lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the cranial nerve that innervates the gastrointestinal tract is the
a. hypoglassal (XII)
b. accessory (XI)
c. vagus (X)
d. abducens (VI)
e. olfactory (I) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in a spinal tap, cerebrospinal fluid is removed from the
a. epidural space
b. foramen magnum
c. subdural space
d. fourth ventricle
e. subarachnoid space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
all of the following are a part of the reflex arc except:
a. sensory neuron
b. motor neuron
c. hormones
d. effectors
e. nerve impulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
all of the following are functions of the hypothalamus except:
a. control of the pituitary gland
b. regulation of eating
c. regulation of respiration
d. regulation of body temperature
e. regulation of circadian rhythms |
|
Definition
| c. regulation of respiration |
|
|
Term
the term for pain relief is
a. analgesia
b. neuralgia
c. anesthesia
d. dementia
e. nerve block |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the primary auditory area is located in the
a. occipital lobe
b. postcentral gyrus
c. frontal lobe
d. temporal lobe
e. parietal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the meninges layer which is closest to the surrounding bone is called the;
a. dura mater
b. subarachnoid space
c. pia mater
d. archnoid mater
e. perineurium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the central nervous system (CNS) consists of the
a. brain
b. spinal cord
c. cranial nerves
d. all of the above
e. brain and spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the middle layer of the meninges is called pia mater
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the limbic system controls most involuntary aspects of behavior related to survival
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
there are twelve pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the meninges |
|
|
Term
| where is the center for body temperature control located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the outer rim of gray matter found on the cerebrum called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3 layers, protective cover of the CNS. (DAP) -->dura mater (outer), arachnoid mater (middle), and pia mater (inner). |
|
|
Term
| name the four principle parts of the brain and their subdivisions |
|
Definition
brain stem (3): midbrain, pons, medulla
cerebrum: occipital lobe, temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe,
cerebellum (small brain):
diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the hypothalamus ? |
|
Definition
controls ANS autonomic functions
controls involuntary functions
controls pituitary gland
regulates feels of rage, aggression, pain, pleasure, arousal
regulates eating and drinking
controls body temperature
regulates sleep and wake cycles |
|
|
Term
the sympathetic division of the ANS is also referred to as the
a. autonomic division
b. craniosacral division
c. thoracolumber division
d. somatic division
e. ganglionic division |
|
Definition
| c. thoracolumber division |
|
|
Term
the brain region that usually controls autonomic response includes
a. hypothalamus
b. pons
c. medulla oblongata
d. midbrain
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
all of the following are common effectors of the ANS except:
a. cardiac muscle
b. smooth muscle
c. skeletal muscle
d. glandular epithelium
e. all of the above are common ANS effectors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the ____ nervous system contains sensory neurons and motor neurons associated with voluntary actions.
a. peripheral
b. somatic
c. autonomic
d. central
e. parasympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following is true of both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
a. they have long preganglionic neurons
b. they have ganglia next to the effectors
c. they use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter in the ganglia
d. they use acetylcholine to excite the effector
e. they have long postganglionic neurons |
|
Definition
| c. they use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter in the ganglia |
|
|
Term
the sympathetic division of the ANS does all of the following except:
a. speeds up digestion so glucose is available to skeletal muscles
b. conducts impulses through the trunk ganglia
c. speeds up heart rate
d. speeds up respiratory rate
e. uses epinephrine as a signaling molecule |
|
Definition
| a. speeds up digestion so glucose is available to skeletal muscles |
|
|
Term
impulses from one ANS division stimulates an organ's activity while the other ANS division inhibits the organ's activity. This is called;
a. somatic innervation
b. dual innervation
c. autonomic innervatin
d. synergistic innervation
e. agonistic innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
all of the following are fight or flight responses except:
a. increased heart rate
b. increased blood pressure
c. constriction of pupils
d. dilation of the bronchioles
e. decreased digestive secretions |
|
Definition
| c. constriction of pupils |
|
|
Term
the autonomic nervous system
a. is under voluntary control
b. is always excitatory
c. has one motor neuron from the CNS to the effector
d. operates without conscious control
e. innervates skeletal muscles |
|
Definition
| d. operates without conscious control |
|
|
Term
the portion of the nervous system regulating smooth muscle activity is the
a. central nervous system
b. sympathetic nervous system
c. autonomic nervous system
d. somatic nervous system
e. somatosensory system |
|
Definition
| c. autonomic nervous system |
|
|
Term
the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity is regulated by the
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
d. medulla oblongata
e. pituitary gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the somatic and automatic nervous system make up the ______ nervous system.
a. involuntary
b. peripheral
c. central
d. skeletal
e. visceral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of the following responses is a sympathetic response?
a. increased bile secretion
b. breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue
c. vasodilation in the penis
d. promotion of insulin secretion
e. all of the above are due to sympathetic stimulation |
|
Definition
| b. breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissue |
|
|
Term
all of the following are effects of the parasympathetic division except:
a. conserving body energy
b. restoring body energy
c. dilation of pupils
d. promoting digestion
e. increase in bile secretion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the acronym "SLUDD" is a convenient wya to remember the responses of
a. somatic motor system
b. parasympathetic division
c. "fight or flight" division
d. somatosensory system
e. endocrine system |
|
Definition
| b. parasympathetic division |
|
|
Term
the parasympathetic nervous system decreases all of the following except
a. heart rate
b. respiratory rate
c. digestion
d. pupil size
e. air pathway diameter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the eyes is to
a. move the eye to focus directly on an object
b. decrease the secretion of tears
c. changes to shape of the retina
d. constrict the pupil
e. adjust the lens for far vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the hypothalamus regulates the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
the parasympathetic division of the ANS originates in the brain and spinal cord
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions need to release two different neurotransmitters to stimulate their effectors
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic and parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| What is the sympathetic division also called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the part of the nervous system that regulates smooth and cardiac muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The somatic nervous system is under ______ control. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This division of the ANS stimulates epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion from the adrenal medulla. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This division of the ANS inhibits digestion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the primary types of sympathetic responses observed in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does SLUDD stand for? |
|
Definition
| salivation, lacrimation, urination, digestion, defacation |
|
|
Term
| Name the divisions of the autonomic nervous system and compare their functions |
|
Definition
sympathetic nervous system: The (ortho-) sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the three parts of the autonomic nervous system, along with the enteric and parasympathetic systems. Its general action is to mobilize the body's resources under stress; to induce the fight-or-flight response. It is, however, constantly active at a basal level to maintain homeostasis.
parasympathetic nervous system: The ANS is responsible for regulation of internal organs and glands, which occurs unconsciously. The parasympathetic system specifically is responsible for stimulation of "rest-and-digest" activities that occur when the body is at rest, including sexual arousal, salivation, lacrimation (tears), urination, digestion and defecation. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the functional differences between the autonomic and somatic nervous system |
|
Definition
autonomic is involuntary regulation of the viscera, smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands
somatic is voluntary controls the "soma" (muskuloskeletal, via somatic sensory neruons) |
|
|
Term
| What are the five special senses? |
|
Definition
olfaction
gustation (taste)
vision
hearing
equilibrium |
|
|
Term
| What are the general senses? |
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Definition
| The general senses include somatic and visceral senses. |
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Term
| _______senses have to do with the body and include: |
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Definition
| Somatic senses include tactile sensations, thermal sensations, pain sensations, and proprioceptive sensations. |
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Term
| ______senses provide information about conditions within body fluids and internal organs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the conscious or subconscious awareness of external or internal conditions of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What four things must occur for a sensation to occur? |
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Definition
1. A stimulus must occur, which is a change in the environment.
2. A sensory receptor must convert the stimulus into one or more nerve impulses.
3. The nerve impulses must be conducted along a nerve from the sensory receptor of the brain.
A region of the brain must receive and integrate the nerve impulses into a sensation . |
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Term
| What are the types of functions for sensory recptors? |
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Definition
mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nocireceptors
chemoreceptors
photo receptors
osmoreceptors |
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Term
| What do mechanorecptors detect? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do thermoreceptors detect? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do nociceptors detect? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do chemoreceptors detect? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do osmoreceptors detect? |
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Definition
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Term
| nociceptors are found in almost every tissue except which tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| proprioceptors are slow adapting receptors that inform the brain of |
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Definition
muscle contraction
tendon tension
joint positions
head positions
*these sensations are important in order to have a sense of body position, movement, posture, and sresses to tissues. |
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Term
| What are the four types of proprioceptors? |
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Definition
muscle spindles
tendon organs
joint kinesthetic receptors
hair cells of the inner ear |
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Term
| Muscle spindle cells detect how much or how fast a muscle is what? |
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Definition
| shortening or lengthening |
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Term
| What do tendon organs do? |
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Definition
| They detect the amount of tension in a myotendinous junction to protect from injuries by tearing. |
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Term
| What do joint kinesthetic receptors do? |
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Definition
| Joint kinesthetic receptors detect pressure, acceleration, and straing on a joint. |
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