Term
| Name the nine steps of mitosis in order. |
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Definition
| G1, S, G2, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokninesis |
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Term
| What two things happens during interphase? |
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Definition
| Interphase consists of G1, S and G2. The cell grows and duplicates chromosomes during S (synthesis). Sister chromatids are formed. Centrosomes also duplicate and form asters. |
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Term
| What two things happen in prophase? |
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Definition
| Chromatin condense to visible chromosomes (with the help of proteins). Microtubules lengthen to form the mitotic spindle. |
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Term
| What two things do chromosomes consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things happens in prometaphase? |
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Definition
| The nucleur envelope breaks apart, the mitotic spindle invades the nucleur space, spindles attach to kinetochores on centromeres of sister chromatids. |
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Term
| What three things happen in metaphase? |
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Definition
| Sister chromatid align along the metaphase plate. Equal and opposite forces are applied to the sister chromatids. Unattached spindles overlap. |
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Term
| What two things happens in anaphase? |
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Definition
| Sister chromatids seperate and are pulled apart because of motor proteins disassembling the spindle within the chromosome, the unattached microtubules extend. |
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Term
| What three things happens in telophase? |
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Definition
| A nucleur envelope begins to form around the two nuclei, chromosomes slightly unfold, microfilaments form a cleavage furrow, which will pinch the cells to separate them |
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Term
| How is cytokinesis different in animal and plant cells? |
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Definition
In animal cells, the cell pinches with the help of microfilaments.
In plant cells, vesicles containing cell wall material align in the middle of the cell and form a new cell wall. |
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Term
| Cells who do pass the G1 checkpoint do not divide (like many adult cells), what stage do they enter instead? What is another name for the G1 checkpoint? |
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Definition
| G0 phase, G1 checkpoint = Restriction Point |
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Term
| Where are the three major checkpoints in the cell cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What signals the cell to pass certain checkpoints? When are these signals active? |
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Definition
| CDKS's (cell division kinases) phosphorylate other proteins to change their conformation and activity, CDK's are active when bound to a cyclin protein (it's like the fuel) |
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Term
| MPF is an example of a cell division kinase. Name three of its purposes. |
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Definition
| It is used to pass the G2 checkpoint and start mitosis, to break down the nucleur envelope and induce the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase. |
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