upper trunk (erb-duchenne) C5-C6

  deltoid (axillary)

  by elbow flexors (Musculocutaneous)

  pull by supraspinatus / infraspinatus

  (Suprascapular)

lower trunk (klumpke) C8-T1

the deltoid ligament

-tibiocalcaneal

-posterior tibiotalar

-tibionavicular

this side is more stable because of all these ligaments

in between swing phases when both feet were on the ground

this is an important phase of the gait for shock absorption and weigh-bearing reasons

may be noticed during the gait cycle.

insuffiency of the muscles of the foot may cause it droop durring the inital swing.  there is incomplete dorsiflexion and the toes will often drag, or the person will have to flex their hip and knee more than usual to compensate and to not let the sagging foot touch the ground

it minimizes the drop in the center of gravity by rotating in the transverse plane and effectively lengthening the limbs

also, adduction of the hip keeping the towards the midline minimizes lateral shifts in the center of gravity

pelvic tilt and abduction also very important

pelvic stabilizers fail (gluteus medius and minimus)

trendelenberg sign would be positive, the pelvis would sag on one side and that leg and foot would drag if not corrected.  it is the opposite side whose abductors are failing, however

-if it's the stabilizers the gluteus maximus would fail

there would a forward tilted pelvis and compensation would cause hyper lumbar lordosis

-if its the deaccelerators, the hamstrings are failing

goosestepping takes place

there is a problem with the accelerators

the hip in unable to be flexed, therefore, one is lurched back and has to swing the leg forward

superior lateral quadrant

we are trying to avoid the sciatic nerve, the sacrum, gluteal vessels

avascular necrosis of the femoral head.  blood supply is interupted, bone dies.  some of the dead bone is cleared so new bone can form in its place, but movement of the head in the socket makes the growth ineffective and the femur eventually no longer fits

can be caused by chemo, steroids, alcohol use, fracture, dislocation, surgical error

MRI is the best way to visualize it

occlusion of the lateral cutaneous femoral artery.

this artery runs right over the sartorius and over the iliac crest.  the overweight and those wearing too tight fitting clothing will occlude the artery.  it presents as numbness and could theoretically cause tissue death.  alleviating it is simple

pain and swelling in the adolescent knee btwn ages of 10-15

self limiting

caused by microfracture of the un-united tubercle or traction apophysitis (an apophysitis is a bony outgrowth) of tibial tubercle

bursitis if the potential space between the medial collateral ligament and the sartorius/gracilis/semitendonosus

causes tight hamstrings

Anterior - Deep peroneal (sensation to the first dorsal web space

Superficial Posterior - sural (lateral aspect of foot and distal calf)

Deep Posterior - tibial (sensation to sole of foot)

Lateral - superfiscial peroneal (sensation to dorsum of foot)

anterior femoral (including pectinius)

posterior tibial (including hamstrings) EXCEPTION is short head of biceps femoris (fibular)

medial obturator

anterior deep fibular

posterior tibial

lateral superfiscial fibular

plantar surface medial and lateral plantar nerves of TIBIAL nerve

-medial innervates:

1.Abductor hallucis

3.  Flexor digitorumbrevis, and

4.  Medial-most lumbrical

ALL ELSE LATERAL

dorsal surface deep fibular nerve

lateral rotation of thigh along with all gluteal muscles EXCEPT glut. medius and minimus

the sartorius is also a lateral rotator, but is not a gluteal muscle

it holds the ligment further away from the surface of the knee (the quadriceps ligament passes over the patella)

this give the muscles more leverage

which meniscus is move mobile?

which meniscus is attached to a collateral ligament?

the lateral is more mobile

the medial meniscus is connected to the medial collateral ligament