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| The cocktail party effect describes the ability to focus one's listening attention on a single talker among a mixture of conversations and background noises, ignoring other conversations. |
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| the occurrence of two or more things coming together, the approach of an infinite series to a finite limit |
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| he visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D). |
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| the tendency to discriminate between target and background stimuli. |
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| a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts |
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| Interposition cues occur when there is overlapping of objects. The overlapped object is considered further away |
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| a Gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete and to close or fill gaps and to perceive asymmetric stimuli as symmetric |
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| a Gestalt principle of organization holding that aspects of perceptual field that move or function in a similar manner will be perceived as a unit |
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| Elements that are connected are perceived as a group. |
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| The law of continuity holds that points that are connected by straight or curving lines are seen in a way that follows the smoothest path. Rather than seeing separate lines and angles, lines are seen as belonging together. |
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| objects in the environment are seen in a way that makes them appear as simple as possible. |
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| things that are near each other seem to be grouped together. |
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| Items that are similar tend to appear grouped together. |
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| when we perceive objects we tend to perceive them as symmetrical shapes that form around their center |
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| When looking at two identical objects, the dimmer one appears further away. |
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| parallel lines that recede into the distance appear to get closer together or converge. |
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| a depth perception cue that can be perceived with only one eye |
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| a depth cue that results from our motion. As we move, objects that are closer to us move farther across our field of view than do objects that are in the distance. |
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| the ability of the body to adapt to an environment by filtering out distractions |
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| the expectation of a person to see or perceive something based on prior experience |
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| lights next to each other blinking on and off in succession appear to actually move |
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| the direct knowledge or perception of the future, obtained through extrasensory means |
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| clear objects appear closer then unclear images |
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| We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away. (This reverses above the horizon) |
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Definition
| As we move, objects that are stable may appear to move. |
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Definition
| If we assume that two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away. |
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Definition
| the greater the difference between the two images the retina receives of an object, the closer the object is to the viewer |
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| the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect. |
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| see where objects are in relation to our own bodies with much greater precision--especially when those objects are moving toward or away from us in the depth dimension |
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| The illusion of motion that occurs when a stationary object is first seen briefly in one location and, following a short interval, is seen in another location |
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| the power to move something by thinking about it without the application of physical force |
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| apparent communication from one mind to another without using sensory perceptions |
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| The fineness of detail or texture that can be seen decreases systematically with increasing distance from the observer. |
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Definition
| we form perceptions (or focus our attention) by starting with the larger concept or idea (it can even be the concept or idea of an object) and then working our way down to the finer details of that concept or idea |
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| an apparent, but not actual drop from one surface to another |
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| two vertical lines are both straight, but they look as if they were bowing outwards. The distortion is produced by the lined pattern on the background, that simulates a perspective design, and creates a false impression of depth |
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| Straight line segments comprise the "shafts" of the arrows, while shorter line segments (called the fins) protrude from the ends of the shaft. The fins can point inwards to form an arrow "head" or outwards to form an arrow "tail". The line segment forming the shaft of the arrow with two tails is perceived to be longer than that forming the shaft of the arrow with two heads. |
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| a straight black and red line is obscured by a grey rectangle. The blue line, rather than the red line, appears to be a continuation of the black one, but it's not. |
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| two identical lines across a pair of converging lines, similar to railway tracks. The upper line looks longer because we interpret the converging sides according to linear perspective as parallel lines receding into the distance. In this context, we interpret the upper line as though it were farther away, so we see it as longer – a farther object would have to be longer than a nearer one for both to produce retinal images of the same size. |
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Definition
| dreams are merely the brain's reaction to random biological processes that occur during sleep. |
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| During periods of relaxation, while still awake, our brain waves become slower, increase in amplitude |
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Definition
| associated with day to day wakefulness. These waves are the highest in frequency and lowest in amplitude |
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| sleep disorder-unable to sleep and wake at the times required for normal work, school, and social needs. They are generally able to get enough sleep if allowed to sleep and wake at the times dictated by their body clocks. |
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| visionary fantasy, especially one of happy, pleasant thoughts, hopes or ambitions, imagined as coming to pass, and experienced while awake. |
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| stage 3 and 4; the slowest and highest amplitude brain waves. |
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Definition
| succession of images, ideas, emotions and sensations occurring involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep. |
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Term
| fantasy-prone personality |
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Definition
| disposition or personality trait in which a person experiences an extensive and deep involvement in fantasy. An individual with this trait (termed a fantasizer) may have difficulty differentiating between fantasy and reality and may experience hallucinations and out-of-body experiences, as well as self-suggested psychosomatic symptoms. |
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| disorder characterized by excessive amounts of sleepiness |
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