Term
| primary type 1 osteoporosis: |
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Definition
| postmenopausal women less than 75 |
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Term
| primary type 2 osteoporosi: |
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Definition
| postmenopausal women > 75 y/o |
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Term
| Secondary osteoporosis affects males and females equally and is usually due to __ or __ __. |
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Definition
- meds: steroids, anticoagulants
- medical disorders: renal d/o, endocrine d/o, rheumatological d/o, blood d/o) |
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Term
| osteoporosis is asymp until fracture occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| MC fracture with osteoporosis: |
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Definition
compression fracture
(also get hip fractures and stress fractures in feet) |
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Term
| 2nd most common fx in osteoporosis: |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-modifiable risk factors for osteoporosi: |
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Definition
- female
- age
- estrogen deficiency b/c post menop or oophorectomy
- decreased testosterone in men
- European/Asian
- genetics |
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Term
| Modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis: |
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Definition
- decrease alcohol
- diet
- tobacco cessation
- vitamin D and calcium
- active lifestyle with weight training |
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Term
| best test to measure extent of osteopororis: |
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Definition
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Term
Measure with radiographs
Measure with bone mineral density test
Most common is use of a duel energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA |
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Definition
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Term
Radiographs show reduced bone mass called osteopenia (pre-osteoporosis)
In osteoporosis you will see increased radiolucency and cortical thinning
Kyphosis is noted producing the “dowager’s hump” (a term used for a “dignified elderly woman” to describe this condition in the many older women that develop the kyphotic hump) |
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Definition
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Term
| With osteoporosis you see increased ___ and __ thinning. |
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Definition
radiolucency
cortical thinning |
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Term
DEXA scans measure bone mineral density (BMD) and is used to diagnosis osteoporosis and follow osteoporosis
2 x-ray beams with differing energy levels are aimed at the patient’s bones
The BMD is determined by the absorption of each beam
Most widely used and studied
Recommend DEXA in females >65 years of age and at 60 years of age for those who are high risk |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| T score between -1 and -2.5 is ___. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| established severe osteoporosis includes presence of a non-traumatic fracture |
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Definition
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Term
T-score greater than -1 is normal bone
T-score between -1 and -2.5 is osteopenia
T-score less than -2.5 is osteoporosis
Established (severe) osteoporosis includes the presence of a non-traumatic fracture |
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Definition
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Term
| Work patient up for the cause of their osteoporosis – usually it is hormonal in the post-menopausal female, but still need to r/o a disease, medication, or other cause |
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Definition
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Term
Osteoporosis: Bisphosphonates may be used for very high risk patients
Estrogen replacement therapy no longer recommended in most cases
Testosterone in men who are hypogonadal |
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Definition
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Term
| First line osteposoris tmt: |
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Definition
BISPHOSPHONATES- antiresorptive agents
- take on empty stomach and no drink/food for 30 minutes
side effect- esophagitis
Fosamax, Actonel, Boniva |
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Term
| __ __ __ is used for those who have sustained fractures and are at high risk. This is given __. But side effect is __ of the __. |
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Definition
IV Zalendronic Acid
annually
osteonecrosis of the jaw |
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Term
| More agents to treat osteoporosis: |
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Definition
- antiresorptives: estrogen replacement, calcitonin, raloxifine
- bone anabolic agents- Fortea acts on parathyroid to stimulate osteoblast growth
- RANKL inhibitors |
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