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Mr. Wright - 8th Grade Physical Science
1st Semester Exam
104
Science
8th Grade
01/15/2013

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Cards

Term

Yes or No

 

Generally, gases insulate much better than solids.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Conduction is the main method of heat flow in solids.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Temperature indicates the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.

Definition
Yes
Term
The amount of thermal energy that must be gained or lost to change the temperature of 1g of a substance 1oC is called the substance's ___________.
Definition
specific heat (capacity)
Term
The amount of thermal energy required to change the temperature of an object 1oC is called its ______________.
Definition
heat capacity
Term
Two touching objects that have the same temperature have reached _________________.
Definition
thermal equilibrium
Term
How are the fiducial points of the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales similar?
Definition
They both use the phase-change points of water.
Term
A Stirling engine converts thermal energy to ________ energy.
Definition
mechanical
Term

Which of the following is the best conductor of thermal energy?

air

silver

glass

snow

Definition
silver
Term
Two objects in contact with each other continue to conduct thermal energy until...
Definition
the objects have the same temperature.
Term
You warm your hands on a cup of hot chocolate through...
Definition
conduction
Term

Which temperature system has a fiducial point at the boiling point of water?

Celsius

Kelvin

Fahrenheit

Celsius and Kelvin

Celsius and Fahrenheit

Celsius, Kelvin, and Fahrenheit

Definition
Celsius and Fahrenheit
Term

Which of the following has particles with the highest kinetic energy?

1-a bathtub of warm water

2-a lake in the winter

3-a mug full of boiling water

4-a thimble full of steam

Definition
a thimble full of steam
Term
Which type of heat transfer is demonstrated by heat lamps keeping food hot?
Definition
radiation
Term
Which type of heat transfer is demonstrated by the sun heating the leather seats in a car?
Definition
radiation
Term
Which type of heat transfer is demonstrated by hot air rising from the land?
Definition
convection
Term
Which type of heat transfer is demonstrated by the heating of a light bulb when it is on?
Definition
radiation
Term
Which type of heat transfer is demonstrated by ice melting when placed in a warm drink?
Definition
conduction
Term
Which type of heat transfer is demonstrated by the fact that a balloon filled with hot air rises, while one full of cold air sinks?
Definition
convection
Term

Be able to convert

 

Celsius to Fahrenheit

AND

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Definition
Term
Fluid pressure is not affected by the __________________.
Definition
volume of the liquid
Term

Yes or No

 

Kelvin temperatures are measured from absolute zero, which is about -273oC.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Even single gas molecules have momentum.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

The pascal is equivalent to a newton per square meter in SI base units.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

The larger the area over which a given force is exerted, the higher the pressure.

Definition
No
Term
Atmospheric pressure ________ as altitude increases.
Definition
decreases
Term
Pressure that increases with depth in a swimming pools is called ___________ pressure.
Definition
hydrostatic
Term
Meteorologists report atmospheric pressure in ________.
Definition
millibars
Term
The derived SI unit for pressure is the ________.
Definition
pascal
Term

Which of the following fluid principles applies to a pure gas at a constrant pressure?

1-Boyle's law

2-Coanda effect

3-Charles's law

4-Dalton's law of partial pressures

Definition
3-Charles's law
Term

Which of the following is not a part of a hydraulic machine?

1-resistance piston

2-effort piston

3-hydraulic fluid

4-screw jack

Definition
screw jack
Term
Objects immersed in water _______________________.
Definition
weigh less than they do in air
Term
Two solids in contact ________________________.
Definition
exert pressure on each other
Term
Fluid mechanics is the study of ________________________.
Definition
how fluids do work
Term

Yes or No

 

Most energy is actually a form of kinetic or potential energy.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Potential energy is the energy possessed by objects that are in a position to move.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Cities are measurably hotter than the surrounding suburbs.

Definition
Yes
Term
The first law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of the ____________________.
Definition
conservation of energy
Term
What was originally thought to be the source of magnetism? Why?
Definition
Witchcraft or magin was thought to be the source of magnetism because magnetism exerts an influence from a distance.
Term
Electrical energy does work on _____________.
Definition
electrical charges; electrons
Term
The change in thermal energy in a system is called ______.
Definition
heat
Term
When a force acts on an object to move it through a distance, ______ is done.
Definition
work
Term
Energy is the ability to do _____.
Definition
work
Term

Which of the following is utilized by a compass pointing north?

electrical energy

magnetic energy

electromagnetic energy

nuclear energy

Definition
magnetic energy
Term

Which of the following does a warm pot of water have?

electrical energy

magnetic energy

electromagnetic energy

thermal energy

Definition
thermal energy
Term

Which of the following does a rolling bowling ball have?

acoustic energy

electrical energy

mechanical kinetic energy

mechanical potential energy

Definition
mechanical kinetic energy
Term

Which of the following is produced by a student's blaring trumpet?

acoustic energy

thermal energy

nuclear energy

mechanical potential energy

Definition
acoustic energy
Term

Which of the following is used when gasoline burns in a car engine?

acoustic energy

chemical energy

electromagnetic energy

mechanical kinetic energy

Definition
chemical energy
Term

Which has kinetic energy?

-a book on your bookshelf

-an avalanche

-a compressed spring

-a case of dynamite

Definition
an avalanche
Term
In processes that are lessthan 100% efficient, energy is still conserved because ___________________.
Definition
the total energy of the system does not change
Term
Which nuclear process releases energy when two atoms merge?
Definition
fusion
Term
Which nuclear process releases energy when one atom splits?
Definition
fission
Term

Which of the following is not a type of radiant energy?

sound waves

x-rays

microwaves

radio waves

Definition
sound waves
Term

Which of the following does not possess magnetic energy?

-a compass needle

-a wire conducting electricity

-the earth

-wood

Definition
wood
Term

Which field of study is not part of modern mechanics?

-kinematics

-statics

-light and optics

-dynamics

Definition
light and optics
Term

Suppose you are calculating the speed of a dragster. Which of the following is not included in the system?

-driver

-tires

-road surface

-windshield

Definition
road surface
Term

Which of the following is a vector qualntity?

-mass

-calendar day

-density

-tension on a rope

Definition
tension on a rope
Term
Traveling down a road with a posted 65 mi/h speed limit, you could be in danger of getting a speeding ticket if your ___________ exceeds this amount when you pass a police car.
Definition
instantaneous speed
Term
The rate at which the rate of motion changes is __________.
Definition
acceleration
Term
In what field is analyzing the liftoff of a space shuttle classified?
Definition
dynamics
Term
In what field is improving a long-distance runner's stride and pacing classified?
Definition
kinetics
Term
In what field is designing the supports of a large suspension bridge classified?
Definition
statics
Term
In what field is studying the aerodynamics of how a wind turbine moves in a wind tunnel classified?
Definition
kinetics
Term
In what field is analyzing the pushes and pulls on the frameworks of radio telescopes classified?
Definition
statics
Term
When are displacement and distance equal?
Definition
They are the same for an object that has traveled in a straight line in one direction between two points.
Term
A displacement divided by a time internal equals _______.
Definition
velocity
Term

Yes or No

 

Scientists in ancient times were called natural philosophers.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

The earth is one example of a system.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

For any given system, there is no one correct reference frame.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

For any given system, one reference frame is probably preferred.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

The magnitude of a vector is a scalar.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Distance and displacement can be the same value.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

For one-dimensional motion, the sign of an object's velocity indicates its direction.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Velocity is a vector quantity.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Physicists use velocity more than speed because it gives more information.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

A falling object is not accelerating in the first few seconds of its fall.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Acceleration due to a change in speed is a vector quantity.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Car seats reduce the rish of child death in car accidents by changing the acceleration to which the children are subjected.

Definition
Yes
Term
Scientists prefer what type of data? Why?
Definition
Scientists prefer quantitative data over qualitative data. Quantitative (or numerical) data is more objective and affected less by observational bias. It is also much more precise.
Term
Convert 4000 Mg to kilograms with the same number of significant digits.
Definition
4,000,000 kg
Term
The water displacement method of determining volume is most accurate when the volumes are read at the _______ of the meniscus in a graduated cylinder.
Definition
center
Term
Name an instrument that measures weight.
Definition
A spring scale or an electronic scale can measure weight.
Term
The system of internationally accepted units is known as the _____________.
Definition
Systeme International d'Unites (SI)
Term
How do physical changes differ from chemical changes?
Definition
Physical changes change the shape or state of a material, but chemical changes actually change the composition of the material.
Term
A substance's properties can be affected by both ________ and ________.
Definition
temperature; pressure
Term
How does an atom become an ion?
Definition
An atom becomes an ion when it gains or loses electrons to create a charge imbalance in a previously neutral atom. An atom cannon gain or lose protons to become an ion.
Term
Molecules are atoms that are connected by _______.
Definition
bonds
Term
Volume and mass are fundamental properties of all ________.
Definition
matter
Term

Yes or No

 

Gravity can change depending on the position on the earth at which it is measured.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

A measurement can end with a zero that is significant.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

In a measurement is precise, then it is always accurate.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Complete accuracy is impossible in scientific measurements.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Every scientific measurement contains some error.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

The royal cubit was the same length as the common cubit.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Most metric prefixes are based on a power of 10.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Molecules are always made of atoms.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Physical objects are not necessarily made of matter.

Definition
No
Term

yes or No

 

When steam appears, liquid water has been destroyed to create the steam.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Lubricants reduce friction by introducing another, more slippery layer of matter between two surfaces that rub against each other.

Definition
Yes
Term

Which of the following will change with a solid object's change in location?

-mass

-volume

-weight

-density

Definition
weight
Term

Which of the following numbers has the most significant digits?

- 901.0

- 12,000

- 34.6 km

- 0.0000042 J 

Definition
901.0 s
Term
Science was difficult in the Middle Ages because _____ was/were not standardized.
Definition
units
Term

Which is not a measurable dimension of a house?

- height

-volume

-amount of electricity usage

-value

Definition
value
Term

Which of the following is not a mixture?

- a gold ring

-pure water

-air

-a paper bag

Definition
pure water
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