Term
| How does the atmosphere give evidence for divine design? |
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Definition
| God has created the atmosphere to provide a proper ratio of gases for all living things for breathing and for protection from harmful rays and particles from space. The ozone layer, for instance, blocks much of the sun's ultraviolet radiation that cancause health complication for humans and other living things. |
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Term
| What is the greenhouse effect and how does it happen? |
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Definition
| The greenhouse effect is a process of heating the lower atmosphere by thermal energy radiated from the earth's surface. The process is similar in some ways to how an agricultural greenhouse is heated by the sun streaming through the glass roof and walls. Incoming solar radiation heats the earth's surface, and the outgoing thermal radiation from the earth's surface heats the atmosphere. The heating is helped by the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor, methane, and carbon dioxide, which absorb thermal radiation more efficiently than oxygen and nitrogen alone. |
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Term
| Describe the fate of solar energy that enters the earth's atmosphere. Provide approximate percentages for the ultimate destinations of this energy. |
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Definition
| Of the solar energy that enters the earth's atmosphere, up to 32% can be reflected by clouds and dust, up to 18% of the incoming energy can be absorbed by water vapor, clouds, and dust, and more than 50% can be absorbed by land and water. |
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Term
| What is the single most significant difference between the heterosphere and the homosphere? |
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Definition
| In the heterosphere the gases separate into layers based on their atomic weights, while in the homosphere the gases stay uniformly mixed. |
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Term
| What does the Haber-Bosch process accomplish, and how does it support the Creation mandate? |
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Definition
| The Haber-Bosch process converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia fertilizer. The creation of this artificial form of fertilizer has greatly increased farming yields, feeding more people and supporting larger populations than would otherwise be possible. It maximizes the usefulness of the creation and enables us to multiple and fill the earth. |
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Term
| How can technicians on the ground communicate with the International Space Station if radio waves reflect off the ionosphere? |
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Definition
| They rely on microwaves, which pass through the ionosphere, to communicate. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between America's first artificial satellite, Explorer 1, and the Van Allen Belts? |
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Definition
| James Van Allen used Explorer 1 data on radioactive particles to identify the regions of intense radiation that were later named after him. |
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Term
| Air pollution that comes from artificial sources in cities is called... |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following gases was not present in the earth's earliest atmosphere according to naturalistic scientists?
-helium
-hydrogen
-oxygen
-nitrogen |
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Definition
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Term
| The atmosphere was formed by... |
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Definition
| a direct act of God during the Creation week |
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Term
| Who was called the "father of chemistry"? |
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Definition
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Term
Of those listed, the most significant role for nitrogen in the atmosphere is to
-dilute oxygen to the appropriate level
-react with and neutralize other noxious gases
-regulate the temperature
-serve as fuel for cellular respiration |
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Definition
| dilute oxygen to the appropriate level |
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Term
| The most abundant gas in the homosphere is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The outermost gas layer of the earth's atmosphere is composed of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Assuming that you could survive without a space suit at the altitude of the thermosphere, in the earth's shadow you would feel... |
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Definition
| much cooler than at the earth's surface |
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Term
| On the average, the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere occur... |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle is found in... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of these helps to convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable organic form? |
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Definition
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Term
| The gas called ozone is composed of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Nearly every year, a thin spot in the ozone layer develops over... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which atmospheric layer directly affects radio communication on Earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following layers would be most effective in protecting the earth from a solar flare? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most concentrated form of solar energy at the earth's surface occurs when... |
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Definition
| the rays come from straight overhead |
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Term
Excessive exposure to UV rays can cause which of the following in humans?
-eye damage
-skin cancer
-sunburn |
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Definition
| All 3...eye damage, skin cancer, and sunburn |
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Term
Yes or No
If an atmosphere with 21% oxygen is good for us, then an atmosphere with 100% oxygen would be much better. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
Since warm air rises, the troposphere is the coolest layer of the atmosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
Ammonia is a compound that contains nitrogen. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
The colors of the auroras depend on which composition layer of the atmosphere the auroras form in. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
The troposphere is the only atmospheric layer to have winds. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
Lightning is a natural source of fixed nitrogen. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
The discovery of radiation belts surrounding the earth in 1958 was completely unexpected. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
Most of the sun's energy makes it to the earth's surface. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
Infrared rays are a form of thermal radiation. |
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Definition
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Term
Yes or No
Exposure to any kind of ultraviolet light in any amount is dangerous and should be avoided. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ionosphere extends upward from 75 km (47 mi) to a height of about 500 km (311 mi). Which two temperature layers are not contained within the ionosphere? |
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Definition
| troposphere and stratosphere |
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Term
| If the ozone layer extends from about 20 km (12 mi) to 50 km (31 mi) above the earth's suface, in which temperature layer does it fall? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the hottest layer of the atmosphere? Which is the coldest? |
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Definition
Hottest: exosphere
Coldest: mesosphere |
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Term
| In which temperature layer do most people live? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which temperature layersare included in the homosphere? |
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Definition
| troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere |
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Term
| What is the name of the mixture of gases that extends up to 80 km (50 mi)? |
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Definition
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Term
| indirect warming of the atmosphere |
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Definition
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Term
| rate of solar energy flow that reaches the earth |
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Definition
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Term
| fast winds that travel in paths in the stratosphere |
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Definition
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Term
| the steady temperature change associated with altitude change |
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Definition
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Term
| the envelope of gases surrounding the earth |
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Definition
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Term
| The vitamin D that is produced in our skin is the result of a reaction caused by _________ light. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____________ is a region extending thousands of kilometers into space that includes the Van Allen belts, where charged particles such as protons and electrons have been trapped in two donut-shaped zones around the earth. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ionosphere does not reflect radio waves in the _______ band. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ozone in the atmosphere is made up of _______ oxygen atoms. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most plants in the world depend on ______ nitrogen produced by soil and marine bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
| The coldest temperatures of the atmosphere are found at the top of the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Aircraft that travel long distances fly in the _______ to avoid storms and benefit from the jet streams. |
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Definition
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Term
| Joseph Priestley, Karl Scheele, and Antoine Lavoisier are credited with the discovery of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Many creationists believe that the atmosphere is part of the _______, which God created between the waters below and the waters above. |
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Definition
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Term
| Evolutionists believe that the first life forms to appear would have been poisoned by the presence of _______ in the atmosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| An example of a greenhouse gas is ___________. |
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Definition
| carbon dioxide or water vapor |
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