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Mr. Williams - Earth and Environment Science
Chapter 18 Test
68
Science
10th Grade
03/18/2013

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Cards

Term
The atmosphere was formed by...
Definition
a direct act of  God during the Creation week
Term
Who was called the "father of chemistry"?
Definition
Antoine Lavoisier
Term

Of those listed, the most significant role for nitrogen in the atmosphere is to

-dilute oxygen to the appropriate level

-react with and neutralize other noxious gases

-regulate the temperature

-serve as fuel for cellular respiration

Definition
dilute oxygen to the appropriate level
Term
The most abundant gas in the homosphere is...
Definition
nitrogen
Term

Which of these would not be directly affected by variations of oxygen levels in the atmosphere?

-rate of burning

-rusting

-breathing humans and animals

-greenhouse warming of the earth

Definition
greenhouse warming of the earth
Term
The outermost gas layer of the earth's atmosphere is composed of...
Definition
hydrogen (H2)
Term
In mid-latitudes, the tropospheric lapse rate...
Definition
generally is constant from the surface to the tropopause
Term
Assuming that you could survive without a space suit at the altitude of the thermosphere, in the earth's shadow you would feel...
Definition
much cooler than at the earth's surface
Term
On the average, the coldest temperatures in the atmosphere occur...
Definition
at the mesopause
Term
The largest carbon reservoir in the carbon cycle is found in...
Definition
the atmosphere
Term

Which of these helps to convert atmospheric nitrogen to a usable organic form?

-auroras

-dense clouds

-jet streams

-lighting

Definition
lightening
Term
The Haber-Bosch process is...
Definition
an artificial chemical reaction that produces ammonia fertilizer
Term
The gas called ozone is composed of...
Definition
oxygen atoms
Term
Nearly every year, a thin spot in the ozone layer developes over...
Definition
Antarctica
Term
Which atmospheric layer directly affects radio communication on Earth?
Definition
ionosphere
Term

Which of the following layers would be most effective in protecting the earth from a solar flare?

-magnetosphere

-mesosphere

-stratosphere

-troposphere

Definition
magnetosphere
Term
Of the solar energy that makes up the solar constant, most of it is...
Definition
infrared AND visible light
Term

Which of the following weather conditions will result in the earth's surface absorbing the most heat from the sun?

-sunny with scattered clouds

-hazy and sunny

-high relative humidity and cloudy

-clear and cold with low humidity

Definition
clear and cold with low humidity
Term
The most concentrated form of solar energy at the earth's surface occurs when...
Definition
the rays come from straight overhead
Term

Which of the following is an example of conduction?

-Rising air forming thunderheads

-Sinking cold water in the Arctic

-The earth's atmosphere being warmed by the sun

-The earth's surface warming the air directly above.

Definition
The earth's surface warming the air directly above.
Term
The density currents that cause a mixing of the air are an example of...
Definition
convection
Term

Excessive exposure to UV rays can cause which of the following in humans...

-eye damage

-skin cancer

-sunburn

Definition
all 3
Term
Evolutionists believe that the first life forms to appear would have been poisoned by the presence of _______ in the atmosphere.
Definition
oxygen
Term
Many creationists believe that the atmosphere is part of the ________, which God created between the waters below and the waters above.
Definition
firmament
Term
Joseph Priestly, Karl Scheele, and Antoine Lavoisir are credited with the discover of ________.
Definition
oxygen
Term
Most of the volume of the earth's atmosphere lies in the________.
Definition
exosphere
Term
Aircraft that travel long distances fly in the _______ to avoid storms and benefit from the jet streams.
Definition
stratosphere
Term
The coldest temperatures of the atmosphere are found at the tope of the...
Definition
mesosphere
Term
Temperature of the exosphere changes ________ as one increases hundreds of kilometers in altitude.
Definition
little
Term
_______ are a large but infrequent source of new, naturally produced carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Definition
Volcanoes
Term
Most plants in the world depend on ________ nitrogen produced by soil and marine bacteria.
Definition
fixed
Term
Ozone in the atmosphere is made up of ________ oxygen atoms.
Definition
three
Term
Scientists are _______ that they guessed right when they determined that banning CFCs would restore the ozone layer and close the hole over America.
Definition
uncertain
Term
The ionosphere does not reflect radio waves in the ______ band.
Definition
microwave
Term
The ______ is a region extending thousands of kilometers into space that includes the Van Allen belts, where charged particles such as protons and electrons have been trapped in two donut-shaped zones around the earth.
Definition
magnetosphere
Term
Besides being America's first successful Earth satellite, Explorer I also discovered the presence of the __________.
Definition
magnetosphere
Term
The rate at which solar energy enters the earth's atmosphere is called the...
Definition
solar constant
Term
Most of the direct solar energy that enters the earth's atmosphere is absorbed by ______ and ______.
Definition
soil and water
Term
An example of a greenhouse gas is...
Definition
carbon dioxide or water vapor
Term
The vitamin D that is produced in our skin is the result of a reaction caused by _______ light.
Definition
ultraviolet (or UV)
Term
What is the name of the mixture of gases that extends up to 80 km (50 mi)?
Definition
homosphere
Term
Which temperature layers are included in the homosphere?
Definition
troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere
Term
In which temperature layer do most people live?
Definition
troposphere
Term
Name the gases that make up the heterosphere.
Definition
molecular nitrogen, atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen
Term
What gas or gases make up the exosphere?
Definition
atomic oxygen, helium, and molecular hydrogen
Term
Which is the hottest layer of the atmosphere? Which is the coldest?
Definition

hottest: exosphere

coldest: mesosphere

Term
If the ozone layer extends from about 20 km (12 mi) to 50 km (31 mi) above the earth's surface, in which temperature layer does it fall?
Definition
stratosphere
Term
The ionosphere extends upward from 75 km (47 mi) to a height of about 500 km (311 mi). Which 2 temperature layers are not contained within the ionosphere?
Definition
troposphere and stratosphere
Term

Yes or No

 

Old-earth scientists believe that the early earth had no free oxygen in its atmosphere.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

The atmosphere is not clearly mentioned in the Genesis Creation account.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

If an atmosphere with 21% oxygen is good for us, then an atmosphere with 100% oxygen would be much better.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

The percentages of gases in the homosphere remain relatively constant.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Except for the homosphere, which is mixed by weather activity, the gases in the rest of the atmosphere separate out into layers that are ordered by the number of atoms in their molecules.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Since warm air rises,  the troposphere is the coolest layer of the atmosphere.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

The troposphere is the only atmospheric layer to have winds.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

The colors of the auroras depend on which composition layer of the atmosphere the auroras form in.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Ammonia is a compound that contains nitrogen.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Lightening is a natural source of fixed nitrogen.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

The ozone layer protects life on Earth from dangerous radio waves from the sun.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Atmospheric scientists have determined that halting the global reproduction of CFCs 20 years ago has definitely begun shrinking the ozone hole over Antarctica.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Auroras occur when charged particles escape from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

The discovery of radiation belts surrounding the earth in 1958 was completely unexpected.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Most of the Sun's energy makes it to the earth's surface.

Definition
No
Term

Yes or No

 

Infrared rays are a form of thermal radiation.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

A thermal convection current in the atmosphere is a kind of density current.

Definition
Yes
Term

Yes or No

 

Exposure to any kind of ultraviolet light in any amount is dangerous and should be avoided.

Definition
No
Term

Which of the following gases was not present in the earth's earliest atmosphere according to naturalistic scientists?

-helium

-hydrogen

-oxygen

-nitrogen

Definition
oxygen
Term
Air pollution that comes from artificial sources in cities is called...
Definition
smog
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