Barron v. Baltimore

(1833)

-General ruling, not protected by anything under the constitution

-Ruled that the United State's national government was the only governing power that had to adbide by the Bill of Rights

Engle v. Vitale

(1962)

- 1st Amendment of the Bill of Rights; Establishment Clause

- Ruled that state officials of New York violated the First Amendment by forcing prayers to be recited by New York's schoolchildren

Gideon v. Wainright

(1963)

- Sixth Amendment; Assitance of Council for a defense

-Ruled that anyone accused of a felony where imprisonment may be imposed, however poor he or she may be, has a right to a lawyer

Gitlow v. New York

(1925)

- First and Fourteenth Amendment; Freedom of the Press

-Ruled that Freedom of Speech and the Press are liberties protected by the Free Press clause of the First Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Gregg v. Gerogia

(1976)

- Eight Amendment; Cruel and Unusual Punishment

- Ruled that Capital Punishment or the Death Sentence is not cruel and unusal punishment. Although it is an extreme sanction, it is reserved for the most extreme crimes.

McClesky v. Kemp

(1987)

- Eight Amendment; Cruel and Unusual Punishment

-Rule that the Death Penalty did not in the past and does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause

Lemon v. Kurtzman

(1971)

- First Amendment; Freedom of Religion (Establishment Clause)

- Ruling which was responsible for the Lemon Test which outlines what is acceptable of the government to become involved with religion:

1. Must have a secular, legislative purpose
2. Main purpose must not be one that advances nor inhibits religion
3. Must not excessively entangle religion with government

Mapp v. Ohio

(1961)

- Fourteenth Amendment; Unreasonable Search and Seizures Clause

- Ruling that forces police to have both probable clause and then a search warrant in order to use ANY evidence in the Court of Law

Miami Herald Publishing Company v. Tornillo

(1974)

- First Amendment; Freedom of the Press

- Miami law was that when a newspaper critizied a politician, they in turn have to publish their response as well

- Struck down by S.C. because the government has very little power to restrict print media

Miller v. California

(1973)

- First Amendment; Freedom of Speech

- Ruling on what was considered obscene and not protected by the Constitution

1. Work as a whole must have a specific intrest in sex
2. Work had sexual conduct that was specifically against obscenity rules of that state
3. Work as a whole must lack serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value.

Miranda v. Arizona

(1966)

- Fifth Amendment; self-incrimination

- Miranda did not hear his rights and was not aware of his rights under the Fifth Amendment and was incriminated

-S.C. overruled his incrimination and stated what every convited person must hear (Miranda Rights):

1. Right to Remain silent
2. What they say can be used against them in court of law
3. Have a right to a lawyer and will be provided one if they cannot afford their own

NAACP v. Alabama

(1954)

- First Amendment; Freedom of Assembly

- Alabama tried to force the NAACP to hand over its membership list

-S.C. ruled this unconstitutional because it was protected by the First Amendment

Near v. Mineesota

(1931)

- First Amendment; Freedom of Expression 

-  Openly criticism and some insluts used by a newspaper lead to the state closing down on the paper

-S.C. overtunred the ruling stating that the First Amendment protects newspapers against "prior restraint"

New York Times v. Sullivan

(1964)

- First Amendment; Freedom of Expression

-S.C. made a ruling that libelous comments were only cases if it was done with Malice and reckless disregard for the truth

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

(1992)

-General Ruling; not protected directly under any amendment (Right to Privacy

- Ruling for which outlined the regulations and procedure of abortions in the U.S.

- First Amendment; Freedom of the Press

-A ruling which the Supreme Court upheld the restricting of and restrictions of radio and television broadcasting.

- Different than print media because there are limited amounts of broadcasting frequencies available

Roe v. Wade

(1973)

- General Ruling; not specifically protected under an amendment (Right to Privacy)

- S.C. ruling that held that state bans on all abortions was and is unconstitutional. Forbade the control of abortions during the first trimester, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester and permitted states to protect the fetus during the third trimester

- First Amendment; Freedom of Expression

- Ruled that obscenity was not protected by the First Amendment

Schenck v. U.S.

(1919)

- First Amendment; Freedom of Expression

- Schenck was incarcenated because he urged for people to resist the draft during WWI in order to uphold his socialist ideas and beliefs

-S.C. upheld this incarceration because of the fear of a clear and present danger

- Stated that free speech is unlimited in public forum as long as it isnt insiteful or "in clear of present danger"

Abington Township School District Pennsylvana v. Schempp

(1963)

- First Amendment; Freedom of Religion (Establishment Clause)

- Required reading of Bible verses in school

-Schempp refused to participate and was expelled

- S.C. ruled 8-1 in favor of Schempp stating that it violated the First Amendment's Establishment Clause

Texas v. Johnson

(1989)

- First Amendment; Freedom of Expression

- A ruling which struct down flag burning by stating that free symbolic speech was protected by the First Amendment

Zelman v. Simmons-Harris

(2002)

- First Amendment; Establishment Clause

- State was giving vouchers that could be used to pay tuition at some religious schools

- S.C. ruled in favor of the rule because not supporting the voucher would unbalance the favor of non-religion against religion

Zurcher v. Stanford Daily

(1976)

- First Amendment; Freedom of the Press

- Riot happens; police hear that the Stanford Daily has pictures from which they can prosecute and make arrests with. Obtain search warrant and Stanford refuses to give up the pictures saying it violated the First Amendment

- S.C. ruled in favor of the Police stating that a proper search warrant could be applied to a newspaper without violating the First Amendment

- Freedom of Religion (Free Exercise and Establishment Clause)

- Freedom of Speech

- Freedom of the Press

-Freedom of Assembly

-Freedom of Petition

- Right to criminal cases heard in front of a Grand Jury

- Double Jeopardy (getting tried for the same crime twice)

- Due Process Clause to life, liberty and property

-Property cannot be taken from private use for public use without just compensation

- Right to Fair and Speedy Trial with an impartial jury

- Right to a lawyer

- Right for people to not have unreasonable and unlawful search and seizures done against them

- Warrant must be issued based upon probable cause

- Excessive bail and fines are prohibited

- Protection against cruel and unusual punishment

- Constiution shall not be constructed or disparge rights retained and outline for the people in the constitution

Craig v. Boren

(1976)