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- Created by the people to protect farmers and other workers interests - Wanted to 1. increase money supply 2. graduated income tax 3. federal loan program 4. series of governmental reforms (single terms, secret ballots, etc.) 5. 8 hour work day, limits on immigration |
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- Farmers borrowed "greenbacks" a less valuable form of $ created during the Civil War - Banks required them to pay back loans in "hard money," money backed by gold. - Essentially the farmers had to pay back more than they borrowed. |
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- was a movement to organize and educate farmers - spent much time fighting the railroads - gave rise to the Farmers' Alliances which eventually became the Polulist Party Patrons of Husbandry > Grange Movement > Farmers' Alliance > Polulist Party |
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- a monetary system in which paper money is backed, or can be turned in for, gold |
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-backing money by both silver and gold - populist party supported bimetallism |
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- Democratic candidate for president - populist party endorsed Bryan, but put their own candidate forward - Bryan gave an impassioned speech - "The Cross of Gold" supporting bimtallism
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- He believed racism would end when blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value - Headed Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute designed for blacks to attain teaching diplomas and agricultural skills |
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-1st black to receive a doctorate degree from Harvard - Contrasting Booker T. Washington's gradual approach to equality, he wanted the most able blacks to get a liberal arts education, and then demand to become part of "white America" - started the NAACP |
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Four Goals - Protect social welfare (helping others, poor, immigrants, women, children, etc.) -Promoting moral improvement (prohibition, WCTU) - Creating economic reform (felt big business got favorable treatment and limited competition) - Fostering efficiency (assembly lines and in gov't) |
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- Passed in 1912, direct election of senators by the people instead of state legislatures. |
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- attempted to get voting rights for women - tried a 3 part strategy - state legislatures, test the 14th amendment, national constitutional ammendment - minimal success, but made progress in other areas such as treatment of workers and safer food and drug products |
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- one of the magazine journalist that exposed the corrupt side of business in public life
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- Meat Inspection Act 1906- clean up the meat packing industry with government inspections
- Pure Food and Drug Act 1906 - truth in labeling and halted the sale of contaminated food and drugs
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NAACP the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
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-Started by W.E.B Du Bois - Aimed for nothing less than full equality among the races |
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- Became president after McKinley was assasinated - Felt the federal gov't had the repsonibility for national welfare and should assume control whenever states showed they could not - Trustbusting, Consumer protection, Railroad regulation, Mediation of strikes, Conservationism
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-President following Roosevelt - picked by Roosevelt to run - ineffective - Passed Payne-Aldrich Tariff, based on the Secretary of Interior he hired, wasn't seen as protecting consevationism
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- Porogressive ideas, beat Roosevelt, Taft and Debs in the election - Stronger antitrust laws (FTC formed, Against monopolies, and workers could strike) -Reduced tariffs -Instituted federal income tax - Set up the Federal Reserve banking system |
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- Legalized a federal income tax (taxes paid to the federal government based on the amount of $ you make) |
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- 1919 gave women the right to vote
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Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883 |
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- Authorized a civil service commission to make appointments based on qualifications of a candidate not who he voted for |
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- prohibited the making, transporting, and selling of alcohol illegal - it was not illegal to consume alcohol - only amendment in the constitution to be repealed |
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- attempts to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed within a community or society in general -- and even to prohibit its production and consumption entirely. |
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- traditionally non-academic and totally related to a specific trade, occupation or vocation (i.e. cosmetology, auto repair, printing, etc.) |
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- believed African Americans should build a separate society - 1914 formed Universal Negro Improvement Association advocating - Mid 1920's claimed 1,000,000 followers, promoted plans for black owned businesses, and encouraged his followers to return to Africa - support declined after he went to jail, but left a powerful legacy of pride and independence |
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