Term
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Definition
| Unzipping-An enzyme breaks the H-bond partially separating the DNA into two backbones |
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Term
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Definition
| Complementary Base Pairing- nucleotides present in the cytoplasm, move along into place on each strand forming comp.base pairs (A-T, C-G) |
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Definition
| Forming New Backbones - adjacent nucleotides now join their S-P to form backbones for each new strand |
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Definition
| DNA that contains DNA from two or more organisms - insert a gene from one organism into the DNA of another |
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Definition
| permits identification of individuals and/or their relatives by looking at sections of DNA for matching |
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| List the 3 steps for DNA Replication |
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Definition
| UNzipping > Complementary Base Pairing > Forming New Backbones |
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Definition
-breaks apart in water to release hydrogen ions (H+)
-pH level is LOWER than 7 |
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Definition
-breaks apart in water to release hydroxide ions (OH-)
-pH level is GREATER than 7 |
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Definition
-Chemicals or groups of chemicals that take up (absorb) excess H+ or OH- to maintain a particular, constant pH of a solution.
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Definition
-joining or putting together by removing water (H2O)
"Dehydration Synthesis" |
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Term
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Definition
| -Breaking apart or splitting by adding water (H2O) |
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Term
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Definition
- Sugars
- act as a short-term energy source for the body
- empirical formula for simple sugars is CH2O |
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Term
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Definition
Polymers of amino acids.
Act as enzymes to catalyze reactions.
Jobs in cell membrane : carriers, pores channels. |
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Definition
Long term energy source
usually water insoluble because they are non-polar.
Form cell membranes
Pad organs
coat neurons (myelin sheath)
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Term
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Definition
Macromolecule consisting of covalently bonded monomers.
Proteins
Carbohydrates |
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Definition
-Linear sequence of amino acids
-Held by peptide-bonds between Amino Acids |
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Definition
-Looks like a helix (or sheet)
-Held by H- bonds between polar peptide bonds |
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Definition
-Looks like a 3D blob
-Held by various types of bonding between R-groups |
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Definition
-Two or more linked tertiarry structures
-Not all protiens do this |
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Term
| Define: Monosaccharides (give examples) |
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Definition
Monosaccharides: (Simple Sugars) A carbohydrate that cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis.
- Most common examples are Glucose, Ribose & Fructose
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Term
| Define: Polysaccharides (give examples) |
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Definition
Polysaccharides: "many sugars" Polymers of Glucose
- Examples include: starch and glycogen
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Term
| Define: Disaccharides (give examples) |
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Definition
Disaccharides: Sugars that contain two units of a monosaccharide
Synthesis occurs when water is removed while joining 2 monosaccharides
- Examples Include: Sucrose and Maltose
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Term
| What is the empirical formula of a carbohydrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 catagories of polysaccarides? |
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Definition
| They are: Glycogen, Starch & Cellulose |
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Term
| What are saturated and unsaturated fats? |
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Definition
| Both composed of long chains of hydrocarbons and an acid group. |
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Term
| State the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats. |
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Definition
Saturated-NO double bonds between carbon atoms in main chain
Unsaturated- HAVE 1 or more double bonds between carbon atoms in main chain |
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Definition
| neutral fats, composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol |
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Definition
| like triglycerides but have a phosphate group, very important in forming cell membranes |
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Definition
| are hormones- chemical messengers with varying functions testosterone, aldosterone, progersterone and estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
A polysaccharide: polymer of glucose
Found in plant cells
It is the storage form of glucose
Has minimal or no branching |
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Term
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Definition
A polysaccharide: polymer of glucose
It is found in plant cells; forms plant cell walls
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Term
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Definition
A polysaccharide: polymer of glucose
Found in animal cells
It is the storage form of glucose
It is highly branched |
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Term
| The Main Functions of Carbohydrates |
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Definition
A short term energy source in the body
Done in mitochondia via cellular respiration
Releases ATP
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbohydrates + Water
\
38 ATP
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Definition
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| Roles of water in the human body? |
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Definition
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| Functions of proteins in the human body? |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Describe the structure of DNA |
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Definition
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| What are the components of a nucleotide? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe hydrogen bonding |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe complementary base pairing |
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Definition
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| List the 3 steps in DNA Replication |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Describe how a DNA backbone is formed? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| List uses for Recombinant DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how the structure of RNA is different than that of DNA |
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Definition
sugar is ribose not deoxyribose;
single strand, not double;
bases are C,G,A, U not CGAT
not helical |
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Term
| Hydrogen bonding in water is due to |
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Definition
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Term
| Polarity of a water molecule is due to |
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Definition
| unequal sharing of electrons in the bond between Oxygen and Hydrogen |
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Term
| Which atom(s) have what charge in a water molecule? |
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Definition
H--slightly positive
O--slightly negative |
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