alliteration

is the repetition of the first consonant sound in a phrase. A common example in English is "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers"

assonance

is the repetition of vowel sounds but not consonant sounds as in consonance. Example: fleet feet sweep by sleeping geeks. ...

allusion

is a brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or ficticious, or to a work of art

Example:
Stephen Vincent Benet's story "By the Waters of Babylon" contains a direct reference to Psalm 137 in the Bible.

connotation

is an implied meaning of a word. Opposite of denotation.

Example:
Good night, sweet prince, and flights of angels sing thee to thy rest (burial)

comedy

A literary work with a generally happy ending.

drama

A story written to be acted out on stage with actors and actresses taking the parts of specific characters.

epic

A long narrative poem that relates the deeds of a hero.

dialect

A representation of the speech patterns of a particular region or social group.

denotation

Denotation is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning. Opposite of connotation.

internal rhyme

 Internal Rhyme is rhyming within a line.

Example:
I awoke to black flak.

flashback

An interruption of the action in a story to tell about something that happened at an earlier time.

inverted word order

(inversion)

A reversal of the normal order of words in a sentence, usually for some kind of emphasis.

legend

A story handed down from the past

literary ballad/folk ballad

Folk Ballad- A story telling poem that is meant to be sung.

Literary Ballad- Not specifically meant to be sung

limerick

A comic poem written in five lines, rhymed in the pattern AABBA and having a definite pattern of rhythem.

lyric poem

a short poem of songlike quality

myth

A story often about gods or goddessesthat attempts to give meaning to the world

novel

A fictional narrative in prose, generally longer than a short story

onomatopoeia

Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it represents.
also imitative harmony

Example:
splash, wow, gush, kerplunk

Paraphrase

is restatement of a text or passage, using other words 

 For example, "The signal was red" might be paraphrased as "The train was not allowed to proceed."

Rhyme scheme

Rhyme Scheme is rhymed words at the ends of lines.

Example:
Roses are red
Violents are blue
Sugar is sweet
And so are you.

rhythm

the pattern of stressed and unstressed sounds in a poem

Stanza

A group of lines forming a unit in a poem

Simile

Simile is the comparison of two unlike things using like or as. 

Example:
He eats like a pig. Vines like golden prisons

Metaphor

Metaphor comparison of two unlike things using the verb "to be" and not using like or as as in a simile

Example:
He is a pig. Thou art sunshine.

tone

The attitude a writer takes towards his or her subject

Tragedy

A serious literary work that usually ends in death or exile

Symbol

 Symbol is using an object or action that means something more than its literal meaning.

Example:
the bird of night (owl is a symbol of death)

Narrative Poem

Poetry that tells a story

Play

Theme

The main idea expressed in literary work.