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MrL Bio 12-3 & 12-4 vocab
vocab for ch. 12, sect 3 & 4
14
Biology
10th Grade
02/04/2010

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Term
codon
Definition
3 base code in DNA or RNA
Term
exon
Definition
in RNA processing, the coding sequence that remains in the final mRNA
Term
intron
Definition
in RNA processing, the intervening coding sequence missing from the final mRNA
Term
mRNA
Definition
type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA in the mucleus to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
Term
rRNA
Definition
type of RNA that assocates with proteins to form ribosomes
Term
RNA
Definition
guides protein synthesis
Term
RNA polymerase
Definition
enzyme that regulates RNA synthesis
Term
transcription
Definition
process in which mRNA is made from the DNA template
Term
tRNA
Definition
type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome
Term
translation
Definition
process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled
Term
gene regulation
Definition
ability of an organism to control which genes are transcribed in response to the environment
Term
mutagen
Definition
substance that causes mutations
Term
mutation
Definition
permanent change in a cell's DNA, ranging from changes in a single base to deletions of large sections of a chromosome
Term
operon
Definition
section of DNA containing genes for proteins required by a specific metabolic pathway - consists of an operator, promoter, regulatory gene, and genes coding for proteins
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