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| the concept that processes that have shaped Earth in the past are essentially the same as those operating today |
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| process by which rocks are placed in their proper sequence or order; only the chronological order of events is determined, not the absolute age in years |
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| a law that states that in any undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the layers above and younger than the layers below |
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| Principle of Original Horizontality |
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Definition
| a principle of relative dating, layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal or nearly horizontal position |
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| Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships |
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Definition
| when a fault cuts through rock layers, the fault that intrudes is younger than the rocks affected |
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| a surface that represents a break in the rock record, caused by erosion or lack of deposition |
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| establishing the equivalence of rocks of similar age in different areas |
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| the remains or traces of organisms preserved from the geologic past |
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