Term
|
Definition
| The basic unit of structure and function in living things. |
|
|
Term
| Why can cells not be seen by the naked eye? |
|
Definition
| They are microscopic and too small. |
|
|
Term
| What made it possible to see cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A microscope containing only one lens.
Ex: hand lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A microscope with more than one lens.
Ex: light microscope |
|
|
Term
| Who were the five major scientists? |
|
Definition
1.Robert Hooke
2.Anton van Leeuwenhoek
3.Matthais Schleiden
4.Theodor Schwann
5.Rudolf Virchow |
|
|
Term
| What did the five major scientists discover? |
|
Definition
Hooke- cells in a cork piece
Leeuwenhoek- discovered animalcules meaning "little animals" and bacteria
Schleiden- concluded that all plants are made up of cells
Schwann- concluded that all animals are made up of cells
Virchow- proposed that all cells are formed from other existing cells |
|
|
Term
| animalcules; who came up with this word? |
|
Definition
| "little animals"; Aton van Leeuwenhoek |
|
|
Term
| Who was the first scientist to observe bacteria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
~All living things are composed of cells
~Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things
~All cells are produced from other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to make things look larger than they are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of an object |
|
|
Term
| What are the two properties microscopes possess? |
|
Definition
| Magnification and resolution |
|
|
Term
| How do you calculate the magnification of a microscope? |
|
Definition
| total magnification= magnification of 1 lens x the magnification of the other lens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The lens or lenses magnify an object by bending the light that passes through them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use a beam of electrons, or tiny particles that are smaller than atoms, instead of light to examine a specimen. |
|
|
Term
| Electron vs. Light Microscope |
|
Definition
E- uses electrons
L- bends light to magnify
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
E-better resolution
L-worse resolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny structures inside the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rigid layer of nonliving material surrounding plant cells
MADE OF-cellulose(chain of sugar molecules)
FUNCTION-protects & supports plant & plant cell
(plant cell only) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
has pores; selectively permeable membrane; located before cell wall in plants; outside boundary for other cells
MADE OF-cholesterol
FUNCTION-
1.provides protection & support for cell
2.controls movement of material into & out of cell
3.forms barrier between cell & outside world
CONTAIN- cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control center of cell
FUNCTION-controls activities of cell
CONTAIN- RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surrounds nucleus
FUNCTION-
1.protects nucleus
2.controls movement of material in & out of nucleus
CONTAIN- nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thin strands floating in nucleus
CONTAIN-genetic material; DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"little nucleus"
PRODUCE- ribosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
region between cell membrane & nucleus
CONTAIN-many organelles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rodshaped
FUNCTION-"powerhouse" of cell; break down simple food substances into water & c2o gas releasing energy
CONTAIN- small amounts of DNA
PRODUCE- most of cells energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clear tubular passageways leading to different areas inside cell
FUNCTION- transportation system of cell
CONTAIN- ribosomes on walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small grainlike bodies; located in ER
PRODUCE- proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
like flattened collection of sacs & tubes
FUNCTION-"UPS" of cell; recieve proteins, etc. from ER, package them, & distribute them to rest of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
capture energy
FUNCTION-capture energy from sunlight
PRODUCE- food for cell
CONTAIN-chlorophyll
(in plant cells & some other orgainisms) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FUNCTION-"storage" of cell; full of water making cell firm
CONTAIN-food & other materials needed by cell; waste products
(some animal cells don't have; plant cells have one large) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small round structures involved in digestive activities of cell
FUNCTION-breaks down large food particles into smaller ones; recycles old cell parts
CONTAIN-enzymes which break down large food particles into smaller ones
(Animal cells only) |
|
|
Term
| Plant/Animal cell vs. Bacterial cell |
|
Definition
B-doesnt have nucleus
PA-have nucleus
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
B-only organelle found is ribosomes; none other foumd in PA cells
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
both have cell walls &/or cell membrane |
|
|
Term
| Where can specialized cells be found? |
|
Definition
| In multicellular organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest unit of an element |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 or more elements chemically combined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smallest unit of a compound |
|
|
Term
| Put the following terms in order from smallest to biggest: element,compound, atom |
|
Definition
Atom
Element
Compound
Molecule- smallest unit in most compounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most compounds containing carbon
Most important groups: carbohydrates, lipids, protiens, nucleic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most compounds containing not carbon
except carbon dioxide
Ex: water, sodium chloride, table salt |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 organic compounds and 2 inorganic compounds that make up cells? |
|
Definition
organic
1.carbohydrates
2.protiens
3.lipids
4.nucleic acids
inorganic
1.water
2.salt |
|
|
Term
| What are the compositions of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between sugars and starches? |
|
Definition
| Sugar molucules combine and form starches |
|
|
Term
| Common sources of starches include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is cellulose made of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of proteins? |
|
Definition
(protieNS) same as carbohydrates except with Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur
hydrogen,oxygen,carbon,nitrogen,sulfur |
|
|
Term
| What are some functions of protiens? |
|
Definition
-form some parts of cell membrane
-make up many organelles within cell
-some cells use to build body parts(hair) |
|
|
Term
| Protiens are made up of __ different types of amino acids. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One switch of amino acid can POSSIBLY do what to a protein? |
|
Definition
| it may affect the way the protein functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smaller molecules that make up protein molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special type of protien |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of enzymes? |
|
Definition
| speed up chemical reactions in a living thing |
|
|
Term
| Do you think an organizm could survive without enzymes? |
|
Definition
| No, without enzymes, many chemical reactions that are necessary for life would either take too long, or not occur at all. |
|
|
Term
| What are the compositions of lipids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between fats and oils? |
|
Definition
Fats are solids.
Oils are liquids. |
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol- effects and role in body |
|
Definition
-important component of animal cell membranes; body requires it
-excessive cholesterol can collect along walls of blood vessels & block flow of blood |
|
|
Term
| What are nucleic acids made of? |
|
Definition
carbohydrates + (NAP)
nucleic acids plus NAP= nitrogen and phosphorus
carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen phosphorus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| function & location of DNA & what DNA stands for |
|
Definition
genetic material that carries information about an organism passed from parent to offspring & directs all of cell's functions
found in cromation in nucleus
stands for deoxyribonucleic acids |
|
|
Term
| function & location of RNA & what RNA stands for |
|
Definition
directs production of protiens
found in cytoplasm and nucleus
stands or Ribonucleic acids |
|
|
Term
| Your body is made up of how much water? |
|
Definition
| 2/3 of your body is water |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of water in the cell? |
|
Definition
-most chemical reactions that take place in cells can only occur when substances are dissolved in water
-water molecules take place in many chemical reactions in cells
-help cells keep their size & shape
-helps keep temperature of cell from changing rapidly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some substances can pass through while others cannot |
|
|
Term
| What organelle is selectively permeable? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three methods by which substances move into and out of the cell? |
|
Definition
diffusion
osmosis
active transport |
|
|
Term
| Which method is the MAIN way substances move? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three main substances that usually permeate through the cell membrane? |
|
Definition
oxygen
water
carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
concentration of a substance is the AMOUNT of the substance in a given volume |
|
|
Term
| Why does diffusion occur? |
|
Definition
| Molecules bump into one another, the more molecules in an area, the more collisions. Collisions cause molecules to push away from on another. over time, molecules continue to spread out & eventually spread out evenly throughout the area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A special case of diffusion
diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
important because cell cannot function properly without adequate water |
|
|
Term
| Active transport vs passive transport |
|
Definition
A-requires cell to use energy
P-doesnt require cell to use energy
A-cell has to move molecules in opposite direction than they naturally move
P-cell doesnt do such |
|
|
Term
| What are the two methods of active transport? |
|
Definition
Transport proteins- transport proteins pick up molecules outside cell, carry them in(calcium, potassium, & sodium carreid into & out of cell by this way)
Transport by engulfing- cell membrane engulfs a particle, pinches off & forms vacuole within cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the bigger the cell is, the longer it takes for things inside the cell to travel & longer to excrete waste products
Cant function properly
(Offices and doors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lens with curved shape(center of lens thicker than the edges) |
|
|
