Term
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Definition
| special circuits that influence movement -- help control different & complex activities of both direct & indirect motor systems. |
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Term
| what are two components or aspects of control circuits |
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Definition
| planning & control based on knowledge of posture, body orientation in space, muscle tone & physical environment in which movment occurs. Appropriate posture & muscle tone configured according to goal of voluntary action. |
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Term
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Definition
| basal ganglia & cerebellum |
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Term
| What are the subdivisions of the conceptual planning level? |
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Definition
| 1. conceptualization 2. linguistic planning 3. motor planning & programming 4. performance 5. feedback |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive & affective level (thought level) -- an intention or desire to do something; the development of a purpose (PLAN) for action. Precedes word specification & movement initiation. |
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Term
| Where is conceptualization located in the brain? |
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Definition
| ALL OVER - every lobe & subcortical area that supports thought formulation & action. |
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Term
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Definition
| a non-motor level -- involves cognitive operations on abstract rules (phonological, semantic & syntactic units) |
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Term
| What are 4 requirement for linguistic planning? |
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Definition
| attention, retrieval, working memory & ability to discard actively processing utterances already formulated & executed. |
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Term
| What is the location of linguistic planning? |
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Definition
| dominant (left) hemisphere perisylvian cortex (Heschl's gyrus, Wernicke's area, Broca's area) |
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Term
| What is the effect of a lesion in the linguistic planning area of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor planning & programming |
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Definition
| DEFINES MOTOR GOALS -- it is the heart of conceptual-programming level. Motor planning and motor programming are connected but ARE NOT synonymous with each other. |
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Term
| What 4 areas influence motor planning and programming? |
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Definition
| control circuits, limbic system, right hemisphere, and reticular formation & thalamus. |
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Term
| How do the control circuits influence motor planning and programming? |
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Definition
| only role-modify cortical activity & direct & indirect pathway signals to speech muscles. |
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Term
| How does the limbic system influence motor planning & programming? |
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Definition
| Regulates memory, learning, drive, motivation & affect (emotions, prosody) |
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Term
| How does the right hemisphere influence motor planning and programming? |
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Definition
| Coordinates with the left hemisphere & important in perception & motor organization of PROSODY. |
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Term
| How does the reticular formation & thalamus influence motor planning and programming? |
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Definition
| maintains alertness, monitors sensory input, refines motor activity influencing Propositional content & muscular adequacy for speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| You cannot have a motor movement without feedback saying it did or did not happen. essential to normal functioning -- sensory return of information & monitoring -- permits refinement and/or modifications |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumes production of rapid discrete movements involves "units of action" (motor programs). It is retrieved from memory & adapted to a particular situation. |
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Term
| what are the two elements of schema theory? |
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Definition
| motor program and schemas |
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Term
| Schema theory: Motor programming |
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Definition
| An organized set of motor commands that can be specified BEFORE movement initiation. |
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Term
| Program is ____________ to account for the fact that movements are never produced exactly the same, yet maintain essential characteristics. |
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Definition
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Term
| schema: relationships (def) |
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Definition
| memories that are encoded of the relationships among different types of information. |
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Term
| to instruct specific muscles & control body movements, the motor system must know the relations among what four things? |
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Definition
| initial conditions, generated motor command, sensory consequences of movement, outcome of the movement |
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Term
| New information of movement is used to update or create two different schemas. What are they? |
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Definition
| Recall Schema, Recognition schema |
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Term
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Definition
| encodes relations among initial conditions, parameters that were used to execute movement, and outcomes of the movement. |
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Term
| To produce a movement, what 2 things must occur? |
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Definition
| motor system supplies recall schema with movement goal and current conditions. The recall schema computes the appropriate parameters. |
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Term
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Definition
| encodes relations among initial conditions, sensory consequences of movements, and outcome of movements |
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Term
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Definition
| Before recognition schema can be used to judge the accuracy of a movement, the motor system must LEARN which sensory consequence is considered correct. |
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Term
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Definition
| formulation of a series of gross motor plans that occur in a particular serial order into a single larger GMP. this is an integral part of motor programming. |
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Term
| Apraxia of speech may involve ...Deficit in activating &/or parameterizing GMPs |
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Definition
| Deficit in activating &/or parameterizing GMPs due to damaged GMP, schema supplying parameter settings is impaired; sensory impairment may disturb motor programming; poor error detection may damage recognition schema. |
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