Term
| What cervical nerves are indirectly associated with voice, resonance & articulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is a direct relationship between spinal nerves, external repsiration, and contributions to speech through these bilateral nerves. |
|
|
Term
| Where are the phrenic nerves located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the phrenic nerves innervate? |
|
Definition
| Each nerve innervates 1/2 of the diaphragm, the most important muscle for inhalation. |
|
|
Term
| which nerves are responsible for the remaining nerves of inhalation? |
|
Definition
| lower cranial nerves, intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve, & thoracic nerves |
|
|
Term
| how many pairs of spinal nerves are attached via nerve roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Ponto-medullary respiratory oscillator? |
|
Definition
| bilateral groups of neurons in the medulla and pons responsible for rhythmic, involuntary breathing. (pattern generator) |
|
|
Term
| What are the dorsal respiratory neurons? |
|
Definition
| maintains smoth, rhythmic respiration; stimulation produces inhalation. |
|
|
Term
| what are the ventral repspiratory neurons? |
|
Definition
| primarily responsible for forced exhalation; can stimulate both inhalation and exhalation. |
|
|
Term
| what is does the apneustic center drive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pneumotaxic center responsible for? |
|
Definition
| regulates inhalation volume; inhibits inhalation |
|
|
Term
| Cheyne-stokes Respiration |
|
Definition
| breathing pattern slowly oscillates between hyperventalation & hypoventilation. Lesion site: anywhere between cerebral hemispheres and upper pons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prolonged inspiratory gasping with pause at peak of inhalation. Lesion site: dorsolateral lower half of pons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| irrebular rate & rhythm of breathing. Lesion site: Medula |
|
|
Term
| Diffuse LMN lesions (LMN phrenic nerve) |
|
Definition
| may interfere with respiration of speech; c3-c5 may cause diaphragm paralysis. |
|
|
