Term
| What is the research study design in which researchers measure individuals or groups at selected ages and observe them all within a relatively short periord of time? |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ refers to an increase in size or body mass resulting from an increase in complete, already formed body parts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Research involves two main components: _____&______ |
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Definition
| systematic; controlled observation |
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Term
| Concept not discusses in chapter 1 |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of hte following is NPT a type of constraint commonly discussed with regard to motor development theories and models? |
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Definition
| Categorical (others are individual, structural, functional, & environmental) |
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Term
| A researcher who explains the onset of a new motor skill as the reinforcement of stimulus-response bonds uses which of the following theoretical perspectives? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a parent or teacher believes an infant cannot walk before the step reflex disappears, then she follows which theoretical viewpoint? |
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Definition
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Term
| You follow the information processing theory of development. You are teaching your preschool class locomotor skills, and a smaller boy is having difficulty skipping. Based on your theoretical perspective, what should you do? |
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Definition
| Increase the amount of time he practices the skill and reward good skips. |
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Term
| If you follow the dynamical systems perspective, you believe that... |
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Definition
| behaviors emerge as a result of self-organization |
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Term
| Which of the following terms is NOT associated with Newton's second law? |
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Definition
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Term
| Newton's ______ law of motion states that the acceleration of a person or object is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass. |
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Definition
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Term
| A characteristc of skilled locomotor movements is a familiar pattern nown as ______ arm and leg movement. |
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Definition
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Term
| In running, the lower body twists one way and the upper body twists the opposite way. This movement pattern creates a _____ amount of force. |
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Definition
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Term
| With regard to rotating limbs to prject objects, a relationship exists between the _____ of the rotating arm and the ______ of the projected object. |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the following could be considered individual constraints, or rate limiters, on early motor development except... |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the following are considered environmental contraints on motor development except... |
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Definition
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Term
| An infant moves involuntarily when you touch the soles of his feet. Such a movement is... |
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Definition
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Term
| The response associated with the Babinski reflex is.... |
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Definition
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Term
| You are working in a child development center. you notice that one of your kids, an 18-month-old girl, seems to be exhibiting the asymmetric tonic nec reflex. Is this a concern. |
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Definition
| Yes. She should not have this reflex at 18 months. |
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Term
| The stimulus for the symmetric tonic neck reflex is |
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Definition
| either flexing or extending the infant's head and neck. |
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Term
| Derotative righting is a postural reaction. The stimulus for this reaction is turning the head to the side. What reflex must disappear in order for derotative righting to occur? |
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Definition
| asymmetric tonic neck reflex |
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Term
| Several theories have been propesed to explain why reflexes exist. These theories suggest that |
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Definition
| more than one of the above. |
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Term
| Which of the following is the most probable order of motor milestones? |
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Definition
| II. only. Lifts shoulders, lifts head in prone, gets on hands and knees, cruises furniture. |
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Term
| Which of the following is characteristic of motor milestones? |
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Definition
| They represent an intertask sequence & are specific achievements leading to general achievements. |
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Term
| Which of the following is characteristic of proficient kicking? |
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Definition
| On the forward kick, the thigh rotates forward then the knee straightens & arms move in opposition to legs. |
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Term
| Very young children's throws tend to consist of what type of action? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is characteristic of proficient of sidearm striking? |
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Definition
| All: A step into the hit, toward the oncoming ball; differentiated truck rotation; & arm extension before contact. |
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Term
| Which of the following is characteristic of proficient kicking? |
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Definition
| using the arms in opposition to the legs after the ball is dropped |
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Term
| Sex differences among older adults in overarm throwing have been associated with which of the following? |
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Definition
| Both gender and childhood and young adult experiences |
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Term
| Which of the following does NOT affect the ability to intercept a moving object? |
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Definition
| All have an effect: ball size, speed, trajectory, & enviro and task constraints |
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Term
| Which of the following task constraints makes catching more difficult for young children? |
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Definition
| Varying the speed of the ball to be caught as opposed to keeping speed constant. |
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Term
| Which view of the development of reaching now seems to be the most accurate? |
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Definition
| Infants begin with "ball park" reaches and then improve control of their arms. |
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Term
| During the first year, which type of reach predominates? |
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Definition
| Infants vary between periods of one or the other. |
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Term
| Which of the following is not characteristic of childrens early attempts to catch? |
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Definition
| catcing the ball in the hands |
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Term
| The newborn's level of acuity is closest to which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following occurs with aging of the auditory system? |
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Definition
| an increase in the absolute threshold for hearing pure tones and speech |
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Term
| There is an age-related trend to improve in localizing touches on the hands and arms over which age range? |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following could help infants perceive depth? |
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Definition
| retinal disparity & motion parallax |
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Term
| Which of the following is true of motion perception in infants under 8 weeks of age? |
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Definition
| Motion can be perceived & Speed of motion can be perceived, but thresholds for detection are higher in adults. |
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Term
| Which of the following does locomotor experience NOT facilitate? |
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Definition
| Surface texture perception. |
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Term
| Animal studies tend to support the notion that movement is _____ for normal perception development. |
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Definition
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Term
| What term is best: An infant has limited ability to perceive the world, yet this limited perception stil lguides movement. Additional perceptions are generated by movement, and the cycle is repeated; the infant eventually refines perception. |
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Definition
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Term
As children grow, they rely ____ on ____ information and _____ on _____ information for balance.
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Definition
| More; kinesthetic; less; visual |
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Term
| Balance performance on a variety of tasks improves primarily during which age range? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a social constraint on development? |
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Definition
| religious beliefs & attitudes of significant others. |
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Term
| Researchers found that for girls, the parent who influenced behavior most was their |
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Definition
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Term
| The motor development of a young adult will be most affected by which socializing agents? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sociological construct that differentiates males and females is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Research suggests that the socializing agents that influence physical activity and sport participation across the life span are... |
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Definition
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Term
| A cultural phenomenon in the U. S. that may act as a constraint for girls' motor behavior is |
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Definition
| enforcement of title IX by schools |
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Term
| The pattern of socializing influences for girls is more variable than that for boys, regardless fo social background. |
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Definition
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Term
| If your parents are sedentary, it is likely you will react against this and become active. |
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Definition
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Term
| In terms of influencing the type of sports an individual chooses to play, peers provide a stronger influence on team sport than on individual activities. |
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Definition
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Term
| Females often report that their coaches were the most influential socialing agent for their participation in sport. |
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Definition
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Term
| Video game systems such as Nintendo and Playstation promote a physically active lifestyle. |
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Definition
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Term
| An infant's motor development is generally not affected by its sex. |
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Definition
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Term
| Positive media coverage of a sporting event may act as a constraint because it will _____ participation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Parents, friends, and siblings are best described as _______when they influence an individual's motor development. |
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Definition
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Term
| Childred are most likely to be influenced by parents of the ______ sex. |
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Definition
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Term
| In past research, children have said _____ makes them drop out of sports. |
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Definition
| All: lack of progress, parental pressure, & time constraints. |
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Term
| In a study by Horn, positive comments by a coach did not lead to increases in self-esteem. Why? |
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Definition
| The positive comments are too general & the positive comments didn't specifically relate to performance. |
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Term
| Adults differ from children in the way they determine their self-worth in sport. Which of the following correctly describes how adults determine physical self-esteem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following leads to enjoyment of participation in early adolescence? |
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Definition
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Term
| You are coaching an athlete with high self-esteem After losing a game, he attributes loss to |
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Definition
| how he played & lack of ability on his part |
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Term
| Which of the following best describes a functional individual constraint? |
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Definition
| Motivation to participate on a rainy day & memories of past experiences |
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Term
| Sociocultural constraints often interact with functional individual constraints to allow certain motor behaviors to emerge. |
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Definition
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Term
| Self-Esteem is based on your objective evaluation of your worthiness. |
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Definition
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Term
| As people become older, they ten to participate in physical activities more often. |
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Definition
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Term
| If you have high self-esteem in one domain or area, it's likely you will have high self-esteem in most domain.s |
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Definition
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Term
| young children generally do not compare themselves with others but depend on parental appraisals to determine their physical competence |
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Definition
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Term
| an individual's self-esteem may fluctuate a little but will stay fairly constant across the lifespan. |
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Definition
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Term
| Children tend to attribute succes to _____ rather than _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| How you evaluate yourself in general and in particular areas is called your_____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following dist. experts & novices in regard to knowledge? |
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Definition
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Term
| tends to preplan responses to specific situations |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following leads to slowing in older adults |
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Definition
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Term
| more likely to slow down older adults |
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Definition
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