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1. Instinct - Freud's eros and thanatos
2. Drive - Hull;s tension reduction
3. Growth motivation - Maslow's hierarchy of needs |
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what motivates or guides our behavior are these instincts
-Eros – life instinct, leads us toward survival, love, sex
- Thanatos – death instinct, compete, destroy |
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| Hull's tension and reduction/we begin with a biological need (infancy) create tension emotionally and we have drive to reduce tension |
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| Maslow's hierarchy of needs/that motivates us in a particular way, our goal is to reach self-fulfillment (self-actualization) which is achieved through completing lower needs |
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1. Need to achieve theory- McClelland
2. Attributin theory |
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McClelland; person & situation factors/Person
Achieve success = motivated to achieve success, more likely to take risks and usually achieve success
Avoid failure = fear of failure, don’t try because if you don’t try you can’t fail>passivity
Situation
Probability = how likely are you going to be successful, the most successful people like the lowest level of probability
Value = what value is it if you achieve |
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to what do we attribute ours and others achievements
1. causality (internal v external)
2. stability (stable v unstable)
3. specificity (global v specific)
4. controllability (in one's control v out of one's control)
5. effects on emotions, motivation, expectations |
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| (internal v. external) – what caused this to happen (internal=something about the person) or (external=caused by the situation not the person) |
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| (stable v. unstable) – is it something that is stable, unlikely to change or something unstable, likely to change |
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| A subjective conscious experience (the cognitive component) accompanied by bodily arousal (the physiological component) and by characteristic overt expression (the behavioral component) |
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1. James-Lange theory
2. Schacter & Singer Theory |
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stimulus then physiological response leads us to the emotion
event—arousal—perception--emotion |
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we see the stimulus then autonomic arousal; crying and laughing at the same time-we look to our environment and see how to react
event—arousal—perception—
cognition------emotion |
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| Human Sexual Response Cycle |
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Definition
1. Stages - desire, excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
2. Gender diferences |
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| Stages of Human Sexual Response |
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Definition
1. desire
2. excitement
3. plateau
4. orgasm
5. resolution |
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| culture, what makes the person find someone attractive or what they want |
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| see physiological phase; blood flow-erection for men |
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| arousal is much higher, increase in heart rate and blood rate |
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| sense of relief from tension, accompanied by muscle contractions-last 8/10th of a second each; heart rate spike-ejaculation |
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| everything goes back to normal |
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| Actual disparities between the sexes in typical behavior or average ability |
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