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| when distance from another object changes |
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| a place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion |
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| something that doesn't move |
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| International System of Units or SI |
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| system of measurement used by scientists all over the world |
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| distance/time - distance an object travels in a certain amount of time |
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| total distance/total time |
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| speed with direction example - 50 m/min east |
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| steepness of a line on a graph = rise/run (y/x) |
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| general term for the force that one surface exerts on another when they rub against each other |
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| kind of friction that results when a wheel turns on a surface, objects roll, use ball bearings, wheels |
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| the kind of friction that results when you rub sandpaper agains wood, surfaces slide, sand on icy path, powder on ballet slippers |
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| kind of friction that exists between oil and a door hinge, water, air, when a sold moves through a fluid |
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| measure of the force of gravity on an object |
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| state that exists when the only force acting on an object is gravity, unbalanced force |
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| force that accelerates objects towards Earth |
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| a falling object reaches this when forces of gravity and air resistance are balanced, greatest velocity a falling object reaches |
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| kind of friction that slows a falling object, type of fluid friction |
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| amount of matter in an object |
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| factors that affect gravitational force between 2 objects |
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Definition
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| factors that affect the friction force between 2 surfaces |
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Definition
| how hard the surfaces push together and the types of surfaces involved |
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| how to reduce friction between 2 surfaces |
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Definition
| use a fluid like water or oil or use wheels |
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| how is mass difference from weight |
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Definition
| mass is measure of matter, weight is measure of gravitational force Earth is exerting on you |
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Term
| if free fall is the same, why do some objects fall through the air at a different rate than others |
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Definition
| air resistance - a wadded up piece of paper will drop faster than a sheet of paper - the force of the air keeps the paper in the air longer |
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| its distance from a reference point is changing |
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| do not change an object's motion, net force = 0, push or pull, object doesn't move |
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| change in object's motion, push or pull, has direction, object will move |
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| sum of all forces acting on an object |
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| If you increase the force on an object, its acceleration |
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| 2 ways to increase acceleration |
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Definition
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| If you increase the mass on an object, its acceleration |
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| resistance to a change in motion |
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Term
| amount of inertia an object has depends on its |
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| the work of pulling a box will be |
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Definition
| easier if the person uses a ramp |
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Term
| ramps make work easier by |
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Definition
| exerting smaller input force even though the distance is longer |
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Term
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Definition
| output work/input work x 100% |
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| ideal mechanical advantage of a ramp is its mechanical advantage without |
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Definition
| friction - never possible so ideal will always be less than 100% |
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| compares the output work to the input work |
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| device that allows you to do work in a way that is easier |
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| actual mechanical advantage |
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Definition
| mechanical advantage that a machine provides in a real situation |
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| force the machine exerts on an object |
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| output force x the output distance |
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| number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it = output force/input force |
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| force you exert on a machine |
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| input force x the input distance |
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| ideal mechanical advantage |
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Definition
| mechanical advantage of a machine without friction |
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| force x distance, measured in Nm also called a Joule |
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| SI unit of work when you exert a force of 1 newton to move an object a distance of 1 meter |
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| the rate at which work is done, equals the amount of work done on an object in a unit of time |
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| simple machine - flat, sloped or slanted surface - examples are ramps |
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| simple machine - thick at one end and tapers at the other (triangle shaped), example is an axe |
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| simple machine - inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder to form a spiral |
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| simple machine - rigid bar that is free to pivot, or rotate, on a fixed point. The fixed point of rotation is the fulcrum. Example is a see-saw, prying open a can with a knife or screwdriver, wheelbarrow, scissors, pliers |
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| simple machine made of 2 circular or cylindrical objects fastened together that rotate about a common axis - doorknob, steering wheel |
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| simple machine - grovved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it - flagpole, crane |
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| utilizes 2 or more simple machines |
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| the fixed point a lever rotates around |
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| ability to do work or cause change (wind has energy) |
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| an object's energy due to its motion |
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| any type of stored energy |
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| gravitational potential energy |
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| energy that depends on height |
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| energy associated with objects that can be stretched or compressed |
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| factors affecting kinetic energy |
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| relation of work and energy |
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| work is the transfer of energy, when an object does work on another object some of its energy is transferred to that object so work is the transfer of energy. |
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| relation of power to energy |
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| power is involved whenever energy is being transferred |
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| change from one from of energy to another |
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| law of conservation of energy |
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Definition
| one form of energy is transformed to another, no energy is destroyed in the process |
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| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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