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Morphology
Bacterial Structure
49
Microbiology
Graduate
08/14/2009

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Cards

Term
What are the three major morphological froms of bacteria? And describe their shape?
Definition

Cocci-sphere

Bacilli-rods

Curved or spiral forms

Term
What are the types of cocci and describe each?
Definition

Diplococci are pairs of cocci

Streptococci-are chains of cocci

Staphlococci-irregular clusters of cocci

Term
What are the different types of bacilli?
Definition
  1. Fusiform-have tapered ends
  2. Coryneforms-club shaped
  3. Coccbacilli-as broad as long
  4. Streptobacilli-chain of rods
Term
Name curved or spiral forms of bacteria
Definition

Vibros-curved rods

Spirilla-s haped

Sprioochetes-sprial forms

Leptospira-tightly wound spiral forms

Borrelia-very tight wound sprial forms

Term
What is a virulence factor that promotes attachment to the host tissue and allows colonization?
Definition
FIMBRIAE/PILI
Term
What can be used as serologic markers termed the H Antigen?
Definition
Flagella
Term
What does the GRAM (+) Bacterial cell wall consist of?
Definition
Consists of polymers such as NAM (N-acetylmuramic) and NAG( N-acetylglucosamine)with a 1,4 Beta Bond.They have other polymers attached to the peptidoglycan which are teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids.
Term
What do teichoic acids and lipteichoic acids do?
Definition
They bind to specific receptors on the cells and play a role in anchoring sites to the cytoplasmic membrane. Techoic acids are only found in the Gram (+) cell wall and comprise major antigens.
Term
What can act as a virulence factor that promites spread of infection and attachement?
Definition
Flagella.
Term
What is a slime layer?
Definition
Glycocalyx is a polysaccharide coating that covers bacteria and allows them to adhere to the oral mucosa, teeth, heart valves and catheters.
Term
What does the Gram (-) bacteria cell wall consist of?
Definition
Its a bilayer that consist of phospholipids, proteins and lipoploysaccharide.It has a monolayer of peptidoglycan.
Term
What do you call th rod shaped protein structures that Streptococcus crista contains? What are they important for?
Definition
Fibrils-They are distributed over the cell in a patchy way. They are important for host colonization and the formation of biofilms. Important as receptors as well.
Term
What are the structures that are involved in the conjugation of Gram (-) bacteria?
Definition
Pili
Term
What structure is in a sheath and and are attached to and wound around the long axis of the cell?
Definition
Periplasmic Flagella.
Term
What is a protein on the outer membrane of the Gram (-) bacteria?
Definition
Porins
Term
What is Lipopolysacchirde?
Definition
It is found in all Gram (-) bacteria. It is composed of Lipid A, core polysaccharide, and O- specific polysacchride.  It causes fever and shock.
Term
When a cell is in a slime layer, what is the discrete encasement?
Definition
Capsule.
Term
What kind of structure do Spirochetes have that cause them to have a twisting motion?
Definition
periplasmic flagella
Term
What are some hairlike filaments that occur over the entire cell?
Definition
Fimbriae/Pili
Term
What is the Glycocalyx?What is its serological designation?
Definition
It is a slime layer that increases the virulence of pathogens by building a resistance to phagocytosis, adhere and develop biofilms, and help protect them from antibiotics. The K-Antigen
Term
What do E-Coli contain on the cell surface?
Definition
Fimbraie/Pili
Term
What is a Gram Stain?
Definition
Gram (+) and Gram (-) are stained with CV and I. The Gram (+) bacteria traps the CV and I with dehydration and reduces porosity with ethanol. The thin peptidoglycan wall of the Gram (-) loses the CV and I and when safranin (a red colored dye) is applied the Gram + is purple and the Gram - is pink/red.
Term
Neisseria meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus is Gram + or Gram -?
Definition
Staphylococcus is Gram + and Neisseria meningitidis is Gram -.
Term
What is the periplasmic gel ?
Definition
Area between the outer membrane and inner plasma membrane of the Gram - bacteria where hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins are held that are involved in transport and chemotactic receptor activities.
Term
What act as virulence factors in the pathogensis of diesease?
Definition
Hydrolytic Enzymes and exotoxins in the cytoplasmic memebrane.
Term
What are endospore resistant to?
Definition
disinfectants, antibiotics, and dyes. They can withstand heat, poor nutrient supply and water.
Term
How are nucleoids attached to the cytoplasmic membrane?
Definition
Via Mesosomes.
Term
What is a single diffuse chromosome ?
Definition
Nucleoid
Term
Why can transcription and translation occur at the ribosome simultaneously?
Definition
Because there is no nuclear membrane
Term
What is a mesosome?
Definition
Invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane and is attached to the nuceloid.
Term
What does the nucleoid lack?
Definition
A nuclear membrane and histone proteins.
Term
What % of RNA and protein does the ribosome contain?
Definition

%30 protein

%70 RNA

Term
What is an extra choromosomal DNA that is resistant to antibodies?
Definition
Plasmid.
Term
What protects the Endspore from toxic environments?
Definition
Spore coat of keratin like protein.
Term
What do call nutrient reserves that include polysaccharids, lipids or phosphates?
Definition
Cytoplasmic granules (inclusions)
Term
What are some diseases caused by spore forming bacteria?
Definition

Anthrax

Botulisim

Tetanus

Gas Gangrene

Term
What do spirochetes use for movement?
Definition
Axial Filament.
Term
Where is energy and proteins synthesized?
Definition
Nucleoid
Term
What is a spore bearing bacilli?
Definition
Clostridium tetani
Term
What is a capsulated and flagellated bacillus?
Definition
E coli
Term
What is the size of bacteria?
Definition
.2-5 um.
Term

A have ribosomes

B possess Golgi apparatus

C have their genetic material organized in the cytoplasm

D reproduce by binary fission only

E do not have introns in their Mrna

* TRUE OR FALE

Prokaryotes are different from eukaryotes in that prokaryotes:
Definition

A. F

B. F

C. T

D. T

E. T

Term
What kind of bacteria is pili mainly found on?
Definition
E Coli
Term

Bacterial capsule:

A mediates adhesion to surfaces

B hinders the action of phagocytes

C helps in identification

D is antigenic

E in all species is made up of polysaccharides

 

Definition
  1. T
  2. T
  3. T
  4. T
  5. T
Term
What bacteria has the ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides (slime layer) in the presence of dietry sugars such as sucrose?
Definition
Streptococcus mutans.
Term
What is the cell wall of bacteria made up of?
Definition
Peptidoglycan
Term
What mediates the adhesion of bacteria to human tissues or prosthesis?
Definition
The capsule
Term
What determines the serological type in the bacterium?
Definition
By the antigenic differences of the sugars in the polysaccharide.
Term

A cytoplasmic membrane

B ribosomes

C cytoplasmic inclusions

D spores

E nucleoid

F fimbriae

G flagella

1. associated with oxidative phosphorylation

2. mediates cell motility

3. a source of stored energy

4. protein synthesis

5. enables survival under harsh environmental conditions

6. mediates host attachment

7. enables selective transfer of molecule in and out of the cell

8. resembles a single chromosome

 

Definition

A 1 and 7

B 4

C 3

D 5

E 8

F 6

G 2

 

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