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Morphology of Permanent Molars
PCD Exam2
64
Dentistry
Graduate
09/18/2013

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Cards

Term
What percent do maxillary and mandibular molar widths make up of the quadrant width?
Definition
51% mandibular
44% maxillary
Term
What are the only teeth with no tooth in proximal contact with the distal surface?
Definition
Third molars
Term
What are the functions of molars?
Definition
•Mastication (grinding)
•Maintenance of vertical dimension of face
•Maintenance of arch continuity for proper alignment
•Support cheeks (esthetics)
Term
Which dimension is greater for most molars? mesiodistal or occlusocervical?
Definition
mesiodistal
Term
How many cusps do most molars have?
Definition
3 to five cusps
Term
What crowns are larger than other teeth but shortest occlusocervically?
Definition
molars
Term
The crown of molars taper narrower from buccal to lingual on the occlusal view except on which molars?
Definition
except maxillary first molar with large distolingual cusp
Term
Do molar crowns tend to taper narrower from distal to mesial or mesial to distal from the proximal view?
Definition
From occlusal view, molar crowns taper narrower buccolingually from mesial to distal (are narrower buccolingually in the distal third than in the mesial third)
Term
Where is the facial height of contour on molars?
Definition
cervical third (as on all teeth)
Term
Where is the lingual height of contour on molars?
Definition
middle third (as on all posterior teeth)
Term
Where is the mesial contact of molars?
Distal contact?
Definition
•Mesial contact located near junction of middle/occlusal thirds (on all molars)
•Distal contact more cervical near middle of tooth (on all molars)
Term
Is the maxillary or mandibular molar crown mesiodistal greater than faciolingual from the occlusal view?
Is the maxillary or mandibular molar crown faciolingual greater than mesiodistall from the occlusal view?
Definition
Mandibular
Maxillary
Term
What shape is the maxillary molar?
What shape is the mandibular?
Definition
Maxillary molar is more square (rhomboid or parallelogram) while mandibular is more rectangular (or pentagon shaped on firsts)
Term
How many cusps do mandibular molars have?
How many cusp do maxillary molars have?
Definition
•Mandibular: four large cusps (plus often on first a fifth cusp = distal)
•Maxillary: three larger cusps plus smaller distolingual (and possible fifth Carabelli cusp)
Term
Do mandibular or maxillary crowns tilt lingually relative to root axis
Definition
mandibular
Term
Do the mandibular or maxillary crown tilt slightly to the distal from the buccal view?
Definition
from buccal view, the mandibular crowns tilt slightly more distally than the maxillary
Term
How many roots do maxillary molars have?
How many roots do mandibular molars have?

Also describe which roots are longer/shorter/wider compared to the others.
Definition
Maxillary-3 roots
-Lingual (longest)
-Distobuccal (shortest)
-Mesiobuccal (wider than distobuccal)
mandibular - 2 roots
-mesial (longer and wider)
-distal (shorter and narrower)
Term
Are mandibular molars normally wider occlusocervically or mesiodistally?
Definition
Both mandibular molars are normally wider mesiodistally than occlusocervically (more so on firsts)
Term
Is the first or second molar larger?
Definition
First molar larger than second
Term
How many cusps do mandibular first molars have
Definition
–Three buccal (mesiobuccal greater than distobuccal greater than distal (smallest, shortest))
–Two lingual: mesiolingual (longest handheld) greater than distolingual)
Term
How many buccal grooves do mandibular first molars have?
How many buccal grooves do mandibular second molars have?
Definition
First has 2 buccal grooves (mesiobuccal, distobuccal)
Second has 1 (buccal)
Term
15-20% of mandibular first molars have only 4 cusps-- which one is missing?
Definition
no distobuccal cusp
Term
How many cusps do second molars have?
Definition
4 cusps

-2 buccal: mesiobuccal and distobuccal (shortest if handheld)
-2 lingual: mesiolingual (longest if handheld) and distolingual (second longest)
Term
Where are the contact areas located on all molars?
Definition
All molars have proximal contact areas located more occlusal on the mesial surface (at junction of middle and occlusal thirds) than on the distal (near middle of tooth)
Term
The CEJ may dip into the bifurcation on the buccal or lingual side of mandibular molars??
Definition
lingual
Term
The crown tapers from distal contact to CEJ more on first or second mandibular molars?
Definition
More crown taper from distal contact to CEJ on firsts than seconds
Term
Are the roots more divergent toward the apex on the first or second mandibular molar?
Definition
Roots more divergent toward apex on first than second
Term
From the lingual view, are the lingual cusps shorter or longer than the buccal cusp?
Definition
longer
Term
Is the distolingual or mesiolingual cusp wider?
Definition
mesiolingual cusp
Term
Which groove is unlikely to be carious?
Definition
lingual groove
Term
The roots of mandibular molars will be narrower on the lingual or buccal side?
Definition
lingual side
Term
Which root is twist on mandibular molars?
Definition
mesial root- so more of mesial surface is visible
Term
Where is the height of contour on mandibular molars from the proximal view?
Definition
cervical third
Term
Where is the lingual crest in mandibular molars from the proximal view?
Definition
middle third (as on all molars)
Term
The buccal bulge is called _______ running mesiodistally and is more prominent in which half from the occlusal view of mandibular molars?
Definition
Buccal bulge is called a cervical ridge running mesiodistally and more prominent in mesial half (seen occlusally)
Term
Are the lingual or buccal cusps more pointed and longer (handheld) from the proximal view?
Definition
lingual cusps
Term
Can you see more of the occlusal surface on the mesial or distal side of mandibular molars?
Definition
From distal, can see more of occlusal surface due to taper shorter toward distal
Term
The CEJ of mandibular molars from the proximal view slightly slopes in which direction
Definition
CEJ slopes occlusally from buccal to lingual
Term
Is the mesial marginal ridge or distal marginal ridge more cervical on mandibular molars?
Definition
Distal marginal ridge is more cervical than mesial marginal ridge (similar to proximal contacts), therefore see more of occlusal surface from distal
Term
On mandibular molars, which root is broader faciolingually and longer?
Definition
-Mesial root is broader faciolingually and longer than distal root, so cannot see distal root from mesial view
-From distal, can see wider mesial root behind distal root
Term
Do the roots of mandibular molars have depressions on their mesial and distal surfaces? If so, which is deeper
Definition
-Mesial root has mesial and distal root depression (distal is deeper)
-Smaller distal root has mesial root depression but distal surface is variable
Term
how many cusps do mandibular and first and second molars often have and which is the largest/smallest?
Definition
•Mandibular first molars most often have 5 cusps: mesiobuccal cusp is the largest and distal cusp is the smallest
•Mandibular second molars most often have 4 cusps: mesiobuccal is the largest, and distolingual is the smallest
Term
If viewed along the root axis, will the facial or lingual surface be more visible
Definition
If viewed along root axis, more facial surface is visible than lingual due to lingual tipping of the crown relative to the root
Term
What shape is the mandibular second molar from the occlusal view?
Definition
Mandibular second is rectangular (mesiodistal greater than buccolingual)

Taper narrower from mesial to distal, from buccal to lingual
Term
The buccal cervical ridge is more prominent mesially or distally on the second molar?
Definition
mesially
Term
What is the outline of the mandibular first molar from the occlusal view?

Where is the buccal cervical ridge more prominent?
Definition
pentagon

Buccal cervical ridge more prominent in middle (over distoobuccal cusp), making outline more pentagon shaped
Term
Is the distal third or medial third narrower buccolingually on the mandibular first molar from the occlusal view?
Definition
Distal third narrower buccolingually than mesial third
Term
How many transverse ridges do manibular molars have and what are they?
Definition
2 tranverse ridges
Mesiobuccal + mesiolingual = mesial transverse ridge
Distobuccal + distolingual = distale transverse ridge
Term
How many fossae do first and second molars have? What are they and which one is the largest/smallest?
Definition
First and second molars have three fossae (most with pit of same name)
–Central (largest)
–Mesial triangular
–Distal triangular (very small)
Term
Which molar has groove pattern is “+” shaped where buccal and lingual grooves join and cross the central groove
Definition
mandibular 2nd molar
Term
What shape is the mandibular second molar from the occlusal view?
Definition
Mandibular second is rectangular (mesiodistal greater than buccolingual)

Taper narrower from mesial to distal, from buccal to lingual
Term
The buccal cervical ridge is more prominent mesially or distally on the second molar?
Definition
mesially
Term
What is the outline of the mandibular first molar from the occlusal view?

Where is the buccal cervical ridge more prominent?
Definition
pentagon

Buccal cervical ridge more prominent in middle (over distoobuccal cusp), making outline more pentagon shaped
Term
Is the distal third or medial third narrower buccolingually on the mandibular first molar from the occlusal view?
Definition
Distal third narrower buccolingually than mesial third
Term
How many transverse ridges do manibular molars have and what are they?
Definition
2 tranverse ridges
Mesiobuccal + mesiolingual = mesial transverse ridge
Distobuccal + distolingual = distale transverse ridge
Term
How many fossae do first and second molars have? What are they and which one is the largest/smallest?
Definition
First and second molars have three fossae (most with pit of same name)
–Central (largest)
–Mesial triangular
–Distal triangular (very small)
Term
Which molar has groove pattern is “+” shaped where buccal and lingual grooves join and cross the central groove
Definition
mandibular 2nd molar
Term
Which groove on mandibular 2nd molars is caries prone?
Definition
Buccal groove with buccal pit is caries prone
Term
Which molar has more of a zig-zag central groove from mesial to distal fossa
Definition
mandibular 1st molar
Term
The mesial and distal contact areas on mandibular contact areas are normally slightly buccal or lingual to the faciolingual midline?
Definition
Mesial and distal contact areas normally slightly buccal to the faciolingual midline (so lingual embrasure is larger than buccal embrasure)
Term
What molars are associated with each shape from the occlusal view

Pentagon
Rectangle
Rhomboid/parallelogram
Heart
Definition
•Pentagon = mandibular first
•Rectangle = mandibular second
•Rhomboid/parallelogram = maxillary first or second molars
•Heart = maxillary second, three-cusp type
Term
What is the possible extra lingual cusp on mandibular molars called?
Definition
tuberculum intermedium
Term
What is the extra cusp (tubercle) on distal marginal ridge of first molars called?
Definition
tuberculum sextum
Term
What are other terms for a root that is bent?
What direction does a root typically bend in mandibular molars?
Definition
flexion or dilaceration
distal
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